PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS, ANTIBODIES, PHARMACEUTICAL COMBINATION, METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT AND /

专利摘要:
  PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS, ANTIBODIES, PHARMACEUTICAL COMBINATION, METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT AND / OR PREVENTION OF CANCER, USES OF A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION, USE OF AN ANTIBODY AND USE OF A PHARMACEUTICAL COMBINATIONIn accordance with the present invention, a cancer antigen protein has been identified that is specifically expressed on the surfaces of cancer cells and, therefore, the use of an antibody directed against the cancer antigen protein is provided as an agent for the treatment and / or preventing cancer. Specifically, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, which comprises an antibody or fragment thereof as an active ingredient having immunological reactivity with a partial CAPRIN-1 protein polypeptide, wherein CAPRIN- 1 is represented by any of the numbered even numbered sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 2 to 30, and wherein the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 37 or an amino acid sequence having 80% or more sequence identity with the amino acid sequence.
公开号:BR112012018949A2
申请号:R112012018949-2
申请日:2011-02-04
公开日:2020-09-01
发明作者:Shinichi Kobayashi；Fumiyoshi Okano；Takanori Saito
申请人:Toray Industries；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

"PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS, ANTIBODIES, PHARMACEUTICAL COMBINATION, METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT AND / OR PREVENTION OF A CANCER, USES OF A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION, USE OF AN ANTIBODY AND USE OF A PHARMACEUTICAL COMBINATION" 5 FIELD OF THE INVENTION the present invention refers to new pharmaceutical use of an antibody against CAPRIN-1 or a fragment thereof, such as an agent for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Cancer is the leading cause of death. Currently performed therapy mainly comprises surgical therapy in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite the development of new surgical procedures and the discovery of new anticancer agents in recent years, with the exception of some types of cancers, treatment results have not improved. Recent advances in molecular biology or cancer immunology have led to the identification of antibodies that specifically react with cancer, cancer antigens that are recognized by cytotoxic T cells, genes that encode cancer antigens and the like. The demand for specific therapies directed against cancer antigens is increasing (non-patent literature 1).
In cancer therapy, it is desirable that peptides, polypeptides or proteins recognized as antigens are almost absent in normal cells, but present specifically in cancer cells, in order to alleviate side effects. In 1991, Boon, et al. (Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research in Belgium) isolated an MAGE1 human melanoma antigen recognized by CDS-positive T cells by a cDNA expression cloning method using a cancer autologous cell line and cancer-reactive T cells (Literature not patent
two). Subsequently, the SEREX method (serological identification of antigens by cloning recombinant expression) was described, which comprised the identification of tumor antigens recognized by antibodies that are produced in vivo in response to autologous cancer from a cancer of the patient himself by a cloning of gene expression (non-patent literature 3 and patent literature 1). Using this method, some cancer antigens, which are almost never expressed in normal cells, but which are expressed specifically in cancer cells, have been isolated (Non-patent literature 4-9). In addition, clinical trials based on cell therapies directed against some cancer antigens have been carried out using immunocytes specifically reactive to cancer antigens or with cancer-specific immunotherapies with vaccines or similar containing cancer antigens.
On the other hand, in recent years, several antibody drugs have appeared around the world that target antigenic proteins in cancer cells for the treatment of cancer. Antibody drugs exhibit some pharmacological effects as cancer-specific therapeutic agents and, therefore, attract attention. However, most of the antigen proteins used as a target for the antibody are also expressed in normal cells, so that not only cancer cells, but also normal cells that express such antigens are damaged as a result of administration of the antibodies. The resulting side effects are a cause for concern. Therefore, it is expected that the identification of cancer antigens that are specifically expressed on the surface of a cancer cell and the use of antibodies directed against cancer antigens as pharmaceutical products will carry out treatment with antibody drugs with lower side effects.
Protein associated with cytoplasmic proliferation 1 (CAPRIN-1) is expressed when normal cells in the resting phase are activated or subjected to cell division, and it is an intracellular protein known to form intracellular stress granules with RNA inside cells, 5 to be involved in mRNA transport and translation regulation.
However, there are many other names that represent CAPRIN-1, such as the membrane protein anchored to GPI 1 or surface marker protein of membrane component 1 (M11S1), as if such proteins were known to be cell membrane proteins. These 1st names originated from a report that the CAPRIN-1 gene sequence is a membrane protein that has a GPI-binding region and is expressed in colorectal cancer cells (Non-patent literature 1O).
However, the CAPRIN-1 genetic sequence provided in this report was later revealed to be wrong. Then it was reported that the deletion of a single nucleotide in the sequence of the CAPRIN-1 gene registered in the GenBank or similar bank causes a change in the picture, so that 80 amino acids are lost from the e-terminal end, which results in the generation of an artifact (74 amino acids), which corresponds to the GPI-binding portion in the previous report, and, in addition, another error is also present 5 'from the gene sequence, so that 53 amino acids were lost from the N-terminal end (Non-patent literature 11). It has also recently been reported that the protein encoded by the CAPRIN-1 gene sequence registered with GenBank or a similar bank is not a cell membrane protein (Non-patent literature 11).
In addition, based on the 1O non-patent literature report that CAPRIN-1 is a cell membrane protein, patent literature 2 and 3 describe CAPRIN-1 (as a cell membrane protein) under the name of M11S1, can be used as an antibody drug target in cancer therapy, although they do not describe practical examples of treatment using an antibody against the protein. However, as reported in non-patent literature 11, it is believed from the deposit of patent literature 2 to the present date that CAPRIN-1 is not expressed on the surface of a cell. The content of patent literature 2 and 3, based only on the incorrect information that CAPRIN-1 is a cell membrane protein, should not be clearly understood as common general knowledge for those skilled in the art.
Prior Art Literature Patent Literature Patent Literature 1: US Patent 5,698,396 Patent Literature 2: US2008 / 0075722 Patent Literature 3: W02005 / 100998.
Non-patent literature Non-patent literature 1: Tsuyoshi Akiyoshi, "Gan To Kagaku-Ryoho (Cancer and Chemotherapy)," 1997, Vai. 24, pages 551-519 (Cancer and Chemotherapy Pub / ishers, lnc., Japan).
Non-Patent Literature 2: Bruggen P. et al., Science, 254: 1643-1647 (1991).
Non-Patent Literature 3: Proc. Natl. Acad. Know. USA, 92: 11810-11813 (1995).
Non-Patent Literature 4: lnt. J. Cancer, 72: 965-971 (1997).
Non-Patent Literature 5: Cancer Res., 58: 1034-1041 (1998).
Non-Patent Literature 6: / nt. J. Cancer, 29: 652-658 (1998). Non-Patent Literature 7: / nt. J. Oncol., 14: 703-708 (1999). Non-Patent Literature 8: Cancer Res., 56: 4766-4772 (1996).
Non-Patent Literature 9: Hum. Mo /. Genet 33-39 (1997).
Non-Patent Literature 10: J. Biai Chem., 270: 20717-20723 (1995).
Non-Patent Literature 11: J. lmmunol., 172: 2389-2400, 2004.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 5 PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION The objects of the present invention are to identify a cancer antigen protein that is specifically expressed on the surface of a cancer cell and to provide the use of an antibody directed against the cancer antigen protein as an agent for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer.
WAYS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have now obtained a cDNA that encodes a protein that binds to an antibody in the serum of dogs with breast cancer by the SEREX method using two cDNA libraries prepared from tissues testis and serum of dogs with breast cancer. The inventors additionally prepared CAPRIN-1 proteins having the even numbered amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 30 and antibodies against such CAPRIN-1 proteins based on the dog gene obtained and the corresponding homologous genes in human, bovine, horse , mouse, and chicken. Thus, the inventors of the present invention have now discovered that CAPRIN-1 is specifically expressed in breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia, lymphoma, lung cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer , gastric cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and fibrosarcoma, and that a portion of the CAPRIN-1 protein is specifically expressed on the surface of each cancer cell. The inventors have now found that an antibody or antibodies against the portion of CAPRIN-1 expressed on the surface of each cancer cell is / are cytotoxic to cancer cells expressing CAPRIN-1. Based on these findings, the present invention as described below has been completed.
The present invention has the following characteristics.
The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, comprising an antibody or a fragment thereof as an active ingredient having immunological reactivity with a partial CAPRIN-1 polypeptide, where CAPRIN-1 is represented by any of the even numbered sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 2 to 30, and wherein the partial polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 37 or an amino acid sequence having 80% or more sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37.
In one embodiment example, the above cancer is breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia, lymphoma, lung cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, kidney cancer, cancer ovarian cancer, prostate cancer or fibrosarcoma.
In another embodiment, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody.
In another embodiment, the antibody is a human antibody, humanized antibody, chimeric antibody, single chain antibody or bispecific antibody.
This description includes all or part of the content as disclosed in the description and / or drawings of Japanese patent applications No. 5 2010-023454 and 2012-183162, from which the present application claims priority.
EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The antibody to CAPRIN-1 used in the present invention is cytotoxic to cancer cells. Thus, the antibody against CAPRIN-1 is useful for the treatment or prevention of cancers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Fig. 1 shows the expression patterns of genes encoding 5 CAPRIN-1 proteins in normal tissues and in tumor cell lines. Reference No. 1 indicates the expression patterns of genes encoding CAPRIN-1 proteins, and Reference No. 2 indicates the expression patterns of GAPOH genes.
Fig. 2 shows the cytotoxicity for the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-157 that expresses CAPRIN-1 by polyclonal anti-CAPRIN-1 antibodies that are reactive with the surfaces of cancer cells. Reference No. 3 indicates the activity displayed when the polyclonal anti-CAPRIN-1 # 1 antibody was added. Reference No. 4 indicates the activity displayed when a control antibody from a rabbit not immunized with antigen was added. Reference No. 5 indicates the activity displayed when PBS was added instead of antibodies.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The antitumor activity of an antibody against a polypeptide represented by any of the even numbering sequences of SEQ 10 NOs: 2 to 30 used in the present invention can be evaluated by examining the suppression of tumor growth in vivo, in animals with cancer, or, assessing whether the antibody exhibits cytotoxicity via immunocytes or complement to tumor cells that express the polypeptide in vitro, as described below.
In context, the nucleotide sequences of protein-encoding polynucleotides that comprise even numbered amino acid sequences (i.e. SEQ 10 NOs: 2, 4, 6, ..., 28, 30) of SEQ 10 NOs: 2 to 30 are represented by the odd numbered strings (ie SEQ 10
NOs: 1, 3, 5, ..., 27, 29) of SEQ 10 NOs: 1 to 29.
The amino acid sequences that are represented by SEQ 10 NOs: 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 in the Sequence Listing disclosed in the present invention are the isolated CAPRIN-1 amino acid sequences 5 as polypeptides that specifically bind to antibodies existing in the serum from a dog with cancer, using the SEREX method using a cONA library from dog testicular tissue and serum from a dog with breast cancer. The amino acid sequences represented by SEQ 10 NOs: 2 and 4 are the CAPRIN-1 amino acid sequences isolated as human homologues. The amino acid sequence represented by SEQ 10 NO: 16 is the amino acid sequence of CAPRIN-1 isolated in the form of a livestock homolog. The amino acid sequence represented by SEQ 10 NO: 18 is the amino acid sequence of CAPRIN-1 isolated in the form of a horse homolog. The amino acid sequences represented by SEQ 10 NOs: 20 to 28 are the CAPRIN-1 amino acid sequences isolated as mouse homologs. The amino acid sequence represented by SEQ 10 NO: 30 is the amino acid sequence of CAPRIN-1 isolated as a chicken homolog (see Example 1 described below). CAPRIN-1 is known to be expressed when normal cells, in the resting phase, are activated or cause cell division. CAPRIN-1 was known not to be expressed on cell surfaces. However, as a result of examination by the inventors of the present invention, it has now been revealed that a portion of the CAPRIN-1 protein is expressed on the cell surfaces of various types of cancer. Thus, it has now been revealed that an antibody that recognizes a partial CAPRIN-1 protein polypeptide, comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ 10 NO: 37 or an amino acid sequence that is 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably
90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, exhibits antitumor activity. Examples of the antibody of the present invention include all antibodies that bind to a fragment of the CAPRIN-1 protein above and 5 exhibit antitumor activity.
The anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody described above used in the present invention can be any type of antibody, as long as it can exhibit anti-tumor activity. Examples of such antibodies include monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, recombinant antibodies, such as synthetic antibodies, multispecific antibodies, humanized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, and single chain antibodies (scFv), human antibodies, and fragments thereof, such as Fab, F (ab ') 2, and Fv. These antibodies and fragments thereof can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. In the present invention, antibodies that have immunological reactivity with the CAPRIN-1 proteins or partial (poly) peptides thereof (i.e., binding to CAPRIN-1 proteins through the antigen-antibody reaction) and, preferably, antibodies capable of to bind specifically to CAPRIN-1 proteins. Preferably, they are monoclonal antibodies. Polyclonal antibodies can also be used, as long as homogeneous antibodies can be produced stably. In addition, when a subject is a human being, human antibodies or humanized antibodies are desired in order to avoid or suppress rejection. The term "specifically binds to a CAPRIN-1 protein", as used herein, means that the antibody specifically binds to a CAPRIN-1 protein, but does not substantially bind to proteins other than the CAPRIN-1 protein. The antitumor activity of an antibody that can be used in the present invention can be assessed, as described below by in vivo analysis of tumor growth suppression in animals with cancer, or, by evaluating whether or not said antibody exhibits cytotoxic activity in vitro or not. , which is mediated by immunocytes or complement, in tumor cells that express the polypeptide.
In addition, examples of subjects for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer of the present invention include mammals, such as humans, pets, domestic animals and animals for competition. A preferred subject is a human.
The preparation of antigens, antibodies and pharmaceutical compositions related to the present invention are described below.
PREPARATION OF ANTIGENS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ANTIBODY Proteins or fragments thereof to be used as sensitizing antigens for obtaining the anti-CAPRIN-1 antibodies used in the present invention can be derived from any animal species, without particular limitation, such as humans , dogs, cattle, horses, mice, rats, and chickens. However, proteins or fragments thereof are preferably selected taking into account compatibility with the parental cells used for cell fusion. In general, proteins derived from mammals are preferred and, in particular, proteins derived from humans are preferred. For example, when CAPRIN-1 is human CAPRIN-1, they can be used; the human CAPRIN-1 protein, a partial peptide thereof, or cells expressing human CAPRIN-1.
The nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of human CAPRIN-1 and their homologues can be obtained by accessing GenBank (NCBI, USA) and using an algorithm such as BLAST or FASTA (Karlin and Altschul, Proc. Nat /. Acad. Sci USA, 90: 5873-5877 1993; Altschul et al, Nuc / eic Acids Res, 25: 3389-3402, 1997).
In the present invention, based on the nucleotide sequence (SEQ 10 NO: 1 or 3), or the amino acid sequence (SEQ 10 NO: 2 or 4) of human CAPRIN-1, a target nucleic acid or target protein comprises a sequence with about 70% to 100%, preferably from 80% to 100%, 5 more preferably from 90% to 100%, even more preferably from 95% to 100% (for example, 97% to 100%, 98% to 100 %, 99% to 100%, or 99.5% to 100%) sequence identity with the nucleotide sequence or amino acid sequence of the ORF or mature portion of human CAPRIN-1.
As used herein, the term "% sequence identity" refers to a percentage (%) of amino acids (or nucleotides) that are identical to the total number of amino acids (or nucleotides) when two sequences are aligned to achieve the greatest similarity with or without the introduction of gaps (gaps).
The length of a CAPRIN-1 protein fragment varies from the amino acid length of an epitope (antigenic determinant), which is the minimum unit recognized by an antibody, to a length less than the total length of the protein. The term "epitope" refers to a polypeptide fragment having antigenicity or immunogenicity in mammals, preferably humans, and the minimal unit of the epitope consists of about 7 to 12 amino acids, for example, 8 to 11 amino acids. Therefore, the antibody of the present invention is characterized by the recognition of a fragment consisting of about 7 to 12 amino acids (for example, 8 to 11 amino acids) in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ 10 NO: 37 or an amino acid sequence having 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, more preferably still 95% or more of sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 37.
Polypeptides comprising the human CAPRIN-1 protein or the partial protein peptides mentioned above can be synthesized by a chemical synthesis method, such as the Fmoc method
(fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl method) or the tBoc method (t-butyloxycarbonyl method) (Edited by by the Japanese Biochemical Society,
5 Seikagaku Jikken Koza (Biochemical Experimental Lecture Series) 1, Protein
Chemistry IV, Chemical Modification and Peptide Synthesis, TOKYO KAGAKU
DOZIN (Japan), 1981). Alternatively, the polypeptides mentioned above can also be synthesized by conventional methods using various commercially available peptide synthesizers.
Besides that,
1st with the use of known genetic engineering techniques (for example,
Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, 2nd Edition, Current Protocols in Molecular
Biology (1989), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Ausubel et al., Short
Protocols in Molecular Biology, 3rd Edition, A compendium of Methods from
Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (1995), John Wiley & Sons), a polynucleotide that encodes the above polypeptide is prepared and then
incorporated into an expression vector, which is subsequently introduced into a host cell in order to produce a polypeptide of interest in the host cell, and then the polypeptide is recovered.
The polynucleotides encoding the above polypeptides can be easily prepared by techniques known from genetic engineering or by conventional techniques using a commercially available nucleic acid synthesizer.
For example, DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 can be prepared by PCR, using a human chromosomal DNA or cDNA library as a template, and a pair of primers designed to be able to amplify the sequence nucleotides represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. PCR conditions can be determined appropriately.
For example, PCR conditions comprise the completion of 30 cycles of the reaction cycle: denaturation at 94
ºC for 30 seconds; annealing at 55 ºC for 30 seconds at 1 minute, and extension at 72 ºC for 2 minutes, using a thermostable DNA polymerase (for example, Taq polymerase or Pfu polymerase) and PCR buffer containing Mg 2 +, followed by the reaction at 72 ºC for 7 minutes.
5 However, PCR conditions are not limited to the example above. PCR techniques, conditions, etc. are described in Ausubel et al., Shorl Protocols in Molecular Biology, 3rd Edition, A compendium of Methods from Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (1995), John Wiley & Sons (especially Chapter 15 ).
In addition, based on the nucleotide sequence and the amino acid sequence information represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 30 in the Sequence Listing described in the present invention, appropriate probes or primers are prepared, and then a cDNA library of a human or similar is screened using them, so that the desired DNA can be isolated. A cDNA library is preferably constructed from cells, organs or tissues that express proteins having the even number sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 30. Examples of such cells or tissues include cells or tissues derived from the testis, cancers or tumors, such as leukemia, breast cancer, lymphomas, brain tumors, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and the like. Procedures such as the preparation of probes or primers, the construction of a cDNA library, the screening of a cDNA library and cloning of target genes are known to a person skilled in the art and such procedures can be performed using the methods described in Sambrook et al. Molecular Cloning, 2nd Edition, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (1989), Ausbel et al., (Above), and etc. The DNA encoding the human CAPRIN-1 protein or a partial peptide can be obtained from the DNA obtained in this way.
Host cells can be of any cell type, as long as they can express the polypeptide mentioned above. Examples of prokaryotic cells include, but are not limited to, E. coli and the like. Examples of eukaryotic cells include, but are not limited to, mammalian cells, such as monkey kidney cells (COS1) and Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), the human fetal kidney cell line (HEK293), mouse skin cell line (NIH3T3), yeast cells such as budding yeast and yeast, silkworm cells, and Xenopus oocytes.
1st When prokaryotic cells are used as host cells, an expression vector used in the present invention includes a replicable origin within prokaryotic cells, a promoter, a ribosome binding site, a multiple cloning site, a terminator, a gene for drug resistance, a complementary auxotrophic gene, and the like.
Examples of expression vector for Escherichia co / i include a vector based on pUC, pBluescript li, a pET expression system, and a pGEX expression system. DNA encoding the above polypeptide is incorporated into such an expression vector, prokaryotic host cells are transformed with the vector, the transformed cells thus obtained are cultured, and in this way, the polypeptide encoded by the DNA can be expressed in prokaryotic host cells. At this point, the polypeptide can also be expressed as a fusion protein with another protein. When eukaryotic cells are used as host cells, an expression vector used in the present invention is an expression vector for eukaryotic cells, which contains a promoter, a splicing region, a poly (A) addition site, and the like. Examples of such expression vectors include pKa1, pCDM8, pSVK3, pMSG, pSVL, pBK-CMV, pBK-RSV, EBV vector, pRS, pcDNA3, and pYES2. In a manner similar to that described above, the DNA encoding the polypeptide above is incorporated into such an expression vector, eukaryotic host cells are transformed with the vector, transformed cells obtained in this way are cultured, and thus the polypeptide encoded by DNA can be expressed in eukaryotic host cells. When plNDN5-His, pFLAG-CMV-2, pEGFP-N1, pEGFP-C1 or similar is used as an expression vector, the above polypeptide can be expressed as a fusion protein to which a marker, such as the His marker (e.g., (His) s- (His) 10), FLAG marker, myc marker, HA or GFP marker, was added.
For the introduction of an expression vector in host cells, a known method can be employed, such as electroporation, the calcium phosphate method, the liposome method, DEAE dextran method, microinjection, viral infection, lipofection, and binding to a peptide permeable to the cell membrane.
The polypeptide of interest can be isolated and purified from host cells by a combination of known separation processes. Examples of such known separation processes include, but are not limited to, treatment with a denaturing agent, such as urea or a surfactant; ultrasonication; enzymatic digestion; salification precipitation (sa / ting-out) or fractionation and solvent precipitation; dialysis; centrifugation; ultrafiltration; gel filtration; SDS-PAGE; isoelectric focusing; ion exchange chromatography; hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography and reverse phase chromatography.
STRUCTURE OF THE ANTIBODY An antibody is a heteromultimeric glycoprotein that usually contains at least two heavy chains and two light chains.
Antibodies that are not of the lgM class, are heterotetrameric glycoproteins of about 150-kDa composed of two identical light chains (L) and two identical heavy chains (H). Normally, each light chain is connected to a heavy chain by means of a simple covalent disulfide bond, however, the number of disulfide bonds between the heavy chains varies among the different immunoglobulin isotypes. Each heavy chain or light chain also has an intrachain disulfide bond. Each heavy chain has a variable domain (VH region) at one end followed by several constant regions. Each light chain has a variable domain (VL region), and has a constant region at one end opposite the other end. The light chain constant region is aligned with the first heavy chain constant region, and a light chain variable domain is aligned with a heavy chain variable domain. The specific region of an antibody variable domain exhibits specific variability that is referred to as the complementarity determining region (COR), so that it confers specificity of binding to the antibody. A portion of a variable region, which is relatively conserved, is referred to as a framework region (FR) (or structural region - framework). The complete heavy chain and the light chain variable domains separately contain four FRs linked via three CDRs. The three CDRs of a heavy chain are referred to as CDRH1, CDRH2, and CDRH3, in that order from the N-terminus. Likewise, in the case of a light chain, CDRLs are referred to as CDRL 1, CDRL2 and CDRL3. CDRH3 is the most important for the specificity of binding an antibody to an antigen.
In addition, the CDRs of each chain are kept together in an adjacent state due to the FR regions, contributing to the formation of the antibody antigen binding site together with the CDRs of the other chain.
The constant region does not directly contribute to the binding of an antibody to an antigen, but has several effector functions, such as participation of the antibody in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), phagocytosis by binding to an Fcy receptor, a half-life / clearance rate through the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), through a C1q component of the complement system cascade.
ANTIBODY PREPARATION The term "anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody", as used herein, refers to an antibody with immunological reactivity to a full-length CAPRIN-1 protein or a fragment thereof.
As used in the present invention, the term "immunological reaction" refers to the in vivo binding property of an antibody to a CAPRIN-1 antigen. Through such an in vivo link, the function of damaging the tumor (for example, death, suppression, or degeneration) is displayed.
Specifically, an antibody used in the present invention can be any type of antibody, as long as it binds to a CAPRIN-1 protein in order to be able to damage the tumor, such as leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, brain tumor, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, kidney cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer or fibrosarcoma.
Examples of antibodies include a monoclonal antibody, a polyclonal antibody, a synthetic antibody, a multispecific antibody, a human antibody, a humanized antibody, a chimeric antibody, a single chain antibody, and an antibody fragment (for example, Fab and F (ab ') 2). In addition, the antibody can be an immunoglobulin molecule of any class, such as lgG, lgE, lgM, lgA, lgD or lgY, or of any subclass, such as lgG1, lgG2, lgG3, lgG4, lgA1 or lgA2.
The antibody can be further modified by glycosylation, acetylation, formylation, amidation, phosphorylation, pegylation (PEG) and / or the like.
Several examples of antibody preparation are as described below. When the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, for example, the SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell line expressing CAPRIN-1 is administered to a mouse for immunization, the mouse spleen is removed, the cells are separated and, then the cells and cells of the mouse myeloma are fused. Among the fusion cells thus obtained (hybridomas), an antibody-producing clone that has the 1st effect of suppressing the proliferation of cancer cells is selected. A hybridoma that produces a monoclonal antibody that has the effect of suppressing the proliferation of cancer cells is isolated, the hybridoma is cultured, and then an antibody is purified from the culture supernatant by general affinity purification, so that the antibody can be prepared.
The hybridoma that produces a monoclonal antibody can also be prepared as described below, for example. First, an animal is immunized with a sensitizing antigen according to a known method. A general method is performed by injecting a sensitizing antigen to a mammal intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. Specifically, a sensitizing antigen is diluted with PBS (phosphate-buffered saline), saline, or similar in an appropriate amount, followed by suspension. The resultant is then mixed with an appropriate amount of a general adjuvant, as needed, such as Freund's complete adjuvant. After emulsification, the solution was administered to a mammal several times every 4 to 21 days. In addition, a suitable vehicle can also be used after immunization with a sensitizing antigen. A mammal is immunized as described above. After confirmation of an increase in the level of the desired antibody in the serum, the immunized cells are collected from the mammal and then subjected to cell fusion. Preferred immunized cells are particularly splenocytes.
Mammalian myeloma cells are used as other 5 parental cells to be fused with the immunized cells. As myeloma cells, several known cell lines are preferably employed, such as; P3U1 (P3-X63Ag8U1), P3 (P3x63Ag8. 653) (J. lmmunol. (1979) 123, 1548-1550), P3x63Ag8U.1 (Current Topics in Microbiology and lmmunology (1978) 81, 1-7), NS- 1 (Kohler. G. and Milstein, C. Eur. J. Immunol. (1976) 6, 511-519), MPC-11 (Margulies. DH et al., Gel / (1976) 8, 405-415), SP2 / 0 (Shulman, M. et al., Nature (1978) 276, 269-270), FO (deSt. Groth, SF et al., J. Immunol. Methods (1980) 35, 1-21), S194 (Trowbridge, 1. SJ Exp. Med. (1978) 148, 313-323), and R210 (Galfre, G.
et al., Nature (1979) 277, 131-133).
The fusion between the immunized cell and the myeloma cell can be performed basically according to a known method, for example, such as the Kohler and Milstein technique (Kohler, G. and Milstein, C., Methods Enzymol. (1981) 73, 3-46).
More specifically, the above cell fusion is carried out, for example, in the presence of a cell fusion accelerator in a conventional nutrient medium. As a fusion accelerator, polyethylene glycol (PEG), Sendai virus (HVJ), or similar is used. If desired, an auxiliary agent, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, can be added and used in order to increase the melting efficiency.
The relationship of immunized cells and myeloma cells to be used in the present invention can be established arbitrarily. For example, the number of immunized cells that are preferably used is one to ten times the number of myeloma cells. As a culture medium to be used for the cell fusion mentioned above, an RPMl1640 culture medium suitable for the proliferation of the aforementioned myeloma cell line, a MEM culture medium, and other culture media normally used for this purpose can be used. type of cell culture. In addition, the liquid that is supplementary to the serum, such as fetal bovine serum (SBF), can be used in conjunction with it. Cell fusion can be performed by mixing predetermined amounts of the above immunized cells and myeloma cells in the said culture medium, and a preheated PEG solution (for example, having an average molecular weight ranging from about 1000 to 6000) at about 37 ºC it is added normally and a concentration of 30% to 60% (w / v) and mixed, thus forming a culture containing hybridomas of interest. Then, an appropriate culture medium is successively added to the culture thus obtained, which is then centrifuged to remove the supernatant, and this process is repeated to remove the cell fusion agent or the like, which is not preferable for the growth of hybridomas.
The hybridomas thus obtained are cultured by selection in a usual selection culture medium (for example, a HAT culture medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine). The culture in that HAT culture medium continues for a sufficient period of time (usually several days to several weeks), so that cells (non-fused cells) that are not of the desired hybridoma die. Subsequently, screening and simple cloning of the hybridoma that produces an antibody of interest using the general limiting dilution method is performed.
The above hybridomas are obtained by immunizing a non-human animal with an antigen. In addition to this method, hybridomas that produce a human antibody having desired activity (for example, cell proliferation suppression activity) can also be obtained in vitro by sensitizing human lymphocytes, such as human lymphocytes that have been infected with the EB virus, with a protein, a cell expressing protein, or a lysate thereof, followed by the fusion of the sensitized lymphocytes with myeloma cells of human origin, 5 having a permanently dividing capacity, such as U266 (record nº: TIB196).
The hybridoma thus prepared which produces a monoclonal antibody of interest can be spiked in general culture medium and can be stored in liquid nitrogen for a long period of time. Specifically, a hybridoma can be prepared by immunization by a general immunization method using, as a sensitizing antigen, a desired antigen or a cell that expresses the desired antigen, fusing the immunized cell thus obtained with a parental cell known by a general method of cell fusion, and then a monoclonal antibody-producing cell (for example, a hybridoma) is screened by a general screening method.
Another example of an antibody that can be used in the present invention is a polyclonal antibody. A polyclonal antibody can be obtained as described below, for example. A small animal, such as a mouse, a human antibody-producing mouse, or a rabbit, is immunized with a natural CAPRIN-1 protein, a recombinant CAPRIN-1 protein expressed in a microorganism such as Escherichia coli in the form of a protein fusion with GST or similar, or a partial peptide thereof, and then the serum is obtained. The serum is purified by precipitation with protein ammonium sulfate, protein A column, protein G column, DEAE ion exchange chromatography, affinity column to which a CAPRIN-1 protein or synthetic peptide has been coupled, or similar, so that a polyclonal antibody can be prepared. As a mouse producing human antibodies, a KM mouse (Kirin Pharma / Medarex) and a Xeno mouse (Amgen) are known (for example, International Patent Application Publications 5 WO 02/43478 and WO 02/092812), for example. When such a mouse is immunized with the CAPRIN-1 protein or a fragment thereof, a complete human polyclonal antibody can be obtained from the blood. In addition, splenocytes are collected from the immunized mouse, and then a human-type monoclonal antibody can be prepared using a method for fusing with myeloma cells.
An antigen can be prepared according to a method using animal cells (JP Patent Publication (Kohyo) No.
2007-530068) or baculovirus (for example, International Publication W098 / 46777), for example. When an antigen has low immunogenicity, the antigen can be linked to a macromolecule that has immunogenicity, such as albumin, and then immunization is performed.
In addition, an antibody gene is cloned from said hybridoma and then incorporated into an appropriate vector. The vector is then introduced into a host, and then the genetically recombined antibody produced by using gene recombination techniques can be used (for example, see Carl, A.K. Borrebaeck, James, W.
Larrick, THERAPEUT / C MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES, published in the United Kingdom by MACM / LLAN PUBLISHERS LTD, 1990). Specifically, the cDNA of a variable region (region V) of an antibody is synthesized from the hybridoma mRNA using reverse transcriptase. When the DNA encoding the V region of an antibody of interest can be obtained, the DNA is linked to the DNA encoding the constant region (C region) of the desired antibody, and then the resulting fusion product is incorporated into a vector of expression. Alternatively, the DNA encoding the V region of an antibody can be incorporated into an expression vector containing the DNA for the C region of an antibody. At this point, the DNA can be incorporated into an expression vector so that it is expressed under the control of the 5 expression control regions, such as an enhancer and promoter. Then, the host cells are transformed with the expression vector, so that the antibody can be expressed. The anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody of the present invention is preferably a monoclonal antibody. However, the anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody can also be a polyclonal antibody or a genetically modified antibody (for example, a chimeric antibody or humanized antibody), for example.
Examples of a human monoclonal antibody include monoclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies of non-human animals (for example, a mouse monoclonal antibody, a mouse monoclonal antibody, a rabbit monoclonal antibody and a chicken monoclonal antibody), and chimeric monoclonal antibodies. A monoclonal antibody can be prepared by culturing a hybridoma obtained by fusing spleen cells (splenocytes) from a non-human mammal (for example, a mouse, a mouse producing human antibodies, a chicken or rabbit) immunized with a CAPRIN-1 protein, with a myeloma cell.
A chimeric antibody is prepared by combining sequences from different animals, such as an antibody heavy chain comprising and variable regions of a mouse antibody's heavy chain and light chain and the heavy chain and light chain constant regions of an antibody human. A chimeric antibody can be prepared using a known method. For example, a chimeric antibody can be obtained by binding the DNA encoding an antibody V region to a
ONA encoding a human antibody C region, incorporating the resulting fusion product into an expression vector and then introducing the vector into a host for the production of the chimeric antibody. 5 In the examples described below, monoclonal antibodies having immunological reactivity with a partial CAPRIN-1 polypeptide were prepared, in which CAPRIN-1 is represented by any of the even numbered SEQ 10 sequences from 2 to 30, and in that the partial polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ 10 NO: 37 or an amino acid sequence that has 80% or more sequence identity with the SEQ 10 NO: 37 amino acid sequence.
The anti-tumor effects of monoclonal antibodies have been confirmed. These monoclonal antibodies comprise a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 Nos: 43 or 63 and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 No: 47, 51 or 67, where: the VH region comprises COR1 represented by the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 40 or 60, COR2 represented by the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 41 or 61, and COR3 represented by the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 42 or 62; and the VL region comprises COR1 represented by the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 44, 48 or 64, COR2 represented by the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 45, 49 or 65, and COR3 represented by the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 46, 50 or 66. Examples of a polyclonal antibody include an antibody obtained by immunizing an animal producing human antibodies (for example, a mouse) with a CAPRIN-1 protein. A humanized antibody is a modified antibody that is also referred to as a remodeled human antibody. A humanized antibody can be constructed by transplanting an antibody's CDRs from an immunized animal into the complementarity determining regions of a human antibody. General techniques of gene recombination are also known.
5 Specifically, DNA sequences designed to have each of the CDRs of a mouse or chicken antibody linked to each of the regions of the framework (FRs) of a human antibody are synthesized by the PCR method from various oligonucleotides , which are prepared to have overlapping portions in their terminal portions, for example. A humanized antibody can be obtained by linking the DNA obtained in this way to a DNA encoding the constant region of a human antibody, incorporating the resulting fusion product into an expression vector, introducing the vector into a host and thereby causing the host produces the gene product (see European Patent Publication No. 239,400 and International Publication WO 96/02576). As FRs of a human antibody, which are linked by means of CDRs, the FRs that allow the formation of an antigen binding site with good complementarity determining regions are selected. If necessary, for the formation of an antigen binding site having the appropriate complementarity determining regions of a remodeled human antibody, the amino acids of the framework regions of a variable region of the antibody can be substituted (Sato, K. et al. , Cancer Research 1993, 53: 851-856). In addition, FR amino acids can be replaced with those from the framework regions of different human antibodies (see International Patent Publication WO 99/51743). As the regions of the framework (frameworks - FRs) of a human antibody, which are linked by means of CDRs, FRs are selected that allow the formation of an antigen binding site with good regions that determine complementarity. If necessary, for the formation of an antigen binding site having the appropriate complementarity-determining regions of a remodeled human antibody, the amino acids of the framework regions of a variable region 5 of the antibody can be substituted (Sato, K. et al. ., Cancer Research 1993, 53: 851-856).
After the preparation of a chimeric antibody or a humanized antibody, amino acids in the variable regions (for example, FR) or in the constant region can be replaced by other amino acids. Amino acid substitution is the substitution of, for example, less than 15, less than 10, 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less or 2 or less amino acids and it is preferably a substitution of 1 to 5 amino acids, and more preferably 1 or 2 amino acids. A substituted antibody must be functionally equivalent to an unsubstituted antibody. The substitution is, desirably, a conservative substitution of amino acid (s) between amino acids that have analogous properties, such as electric charge, side chain, polarity, aromaticity. Amino acids having analogous properties can be classified, for example, into basic amino acids (lysine, arginine and histidine), acidic amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid), uncharged polar amino acids (glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, cysteine and tyrosine ), supportive amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, alanine, valine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine), branched chain amino acids (threonine, valine and isoleucine) and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and histidine). Examples of a modified antibody product include antibodies bound to various molecules such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). The substances to be bound in the modified antibody product of the present invention are not limited. Such a modified antibody product can be obtained by subjecting the antibody thus obtained to chemical modification. The methods for this have already been established in the state of the art.
As used herein, the "functional equivalent" refers to an antibody that has a biological or biochemical activity similar to that of the antibody of the present invention and specifically refers to a subject antibody that has the function of damaging the tumor essentially without causing rejection after its application to a human, for example. An example of such an activity includes the activity of suppressing cell proliferation or 1st binding activity.
As a method well known to those skilled in the art of preparing a polypeptide functionally equivalent to a polypeptide, a method for introducing mutations into a polypeptide is known. For example, those skilled in the art can prepare an antibody functionally equivalent to the antibody of the present invention by properly introducing a mutation into the antibody using site-directed mutagenesis (Hashimoto-Gotoh, T. et al., (1995) Gene 152, 271-275; Zoller, MJ., And Smith, M. (1983) Methods Enzymol. 100, 468-500; Kramer, W. et al., (1984) Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 9441-9456; Kramer, W and Fritz, HJ., (1987) Methods Enzymol. 154, 350-367; Kunkel, TA., (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad.
U.S.A. 82, 488-492; Kunkel (1988) Methods Enzymo /. 85, 2763-2766).
An antibody that recognizes an epitope of a CAPRIN-1 protein recognized by the anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody above can be obtained by a method known to those skilled in the art. For example, such an antibody can be obtained using a method that involves determining an epitope of a CAPRIN-1 protein recognized by an anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody, by a general method (for example, epitope mapping) and in followed by the preparation of an antibody using a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence contained in the epitope as an immunogen, or a method that involves determining an epitope of such an antibody prepared by a general method, and then selection is made of an antibody having the epitope identical to that of an anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody.
As used herein, the term "epitope" refers to, in a mammal and preferably in a human, a polypeptide fragment with antigenicity or immunogenicity. The minimum size unit of this consists of about 7 to 12 amino acids, and preferably 8 to 11 amino acids.
The Ka affinity constant (KonfKoff) of the antibody of the present invention is preferably at least 107 M-1, at least 108 M-1, at least 5x10 8 M-1, at least 109 M-1, at least 5x10 9 M -1, at least 10 10 M-1, at least 5x10 10 M-1, at least 10 11 M-1, at least 5x10 11 M-1, at least 1012 M-1 or at least 1013 M-1.
The antibody of the present invention can be conjugated to an anti-tumor agent. The conjugation of the antibody with an antitumor agent can be carried out by means of a spacer having a reactive group with an amine group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group or the like (for example, a succinimidyl succinate group, a formyl group, a 2-pyridylthio group, a maleimidyl group, a carbonyl alkoxy group and a hydroxyl group).
Examples of anti-tumor agents include the following anti-tumor agents known in the literature and the like, such as paclitaxel, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, thiotepa, busulfan, improsulfan, piposulfan, benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, urethanamine, uredopa, urethane, urethane, urethane, urethane, urethane, urethane, urethane, urethane, , triethylenephosphoramide, triethyleneethiophosphoramide, trimethylolomelamine, bulatacin, bulatacinone, camptothecin, briostatin, calistatin, cryptophicin 1, cryptoficin 8, dolastatin,
duocarmycin, eleuterobin, pancratistatin, sarcodictin, spongistatin,
chlorambucil, chlornafazine, colophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide,
mecloretamine, mecloretamine hydrochloride oxide, melphalan, novembicin,
phenesterin, prednimustine, trophosphamide, uracil mustards carmustine,
5 chlorozotocin, photemustine, lomustine, nimustine, ranimustine, caliceamicin,
dinemicin, clodronate, speramycin, aclacinomycin, actinomycin,
autramycin, azaserine, bleomycin, cactinomycin, carabicin, carminomycin,
carzinophylline, chromomycin, dactinomycin, detorbicin,
6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, adriamycin, epirubicin, esorubicin, idarubicin,
marcelomycin, mitomycin C, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins,
peplomycin, potfiromycin, puromycin, chelamycin, rhodorubicin,
streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin,
denopterin, pteropterin, trimetrexate, fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine,
tiamiprine, thioguanine, ancitabine, azacytidine, 6-azauridine, carmofur,
cytarabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, floxuridine, androgens
(for example, calusterone, dromostanolone propionate, epithiostanol,
mepitiostane and testolactone), aminoglutetimide, mitotane, trilostane, frolinic acid, aceglatone, aldophosphamide glycoside, aminolevulinic acid, eniluracil, amsacrine, bestrabucilla, bisantrene, edatraxate, defofamine,
demecolcine, diaziquone, elfornitine, ellipinum acetate, epothilone,
etoglucide, lentinan, lonidamine, maytansine, ansamitocin, mitoguazone,
mitoxantrone, mopidanmol, nitraerin, pentostatin, fenamet, pirarubicin, losoxantrone, podophyllinic acid, 2-ethylhydrazide, procarbazine, razoxane,
rhizoxin, scizofilan, spirogermanium, tenuazonic acid, triaziquone, roridin A, anguidine, urethane, vindesina, dacarbazine, manomustine, mitobronitol, mitolactol, pipobroman, gacitosin, docetaxel, chlorambucil, gemcitabine,
6-thioguanine, mercaptopurine, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin, vinblastine,
etoposide, ifosfamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, vinorelbine, novantrone,
teniposide, edatrexate, daunomycin, aminopterin, xeloda, ibandronate, irinotecan, topoisomerase inhibitor, difluoromethylornithine (DMFO), retinoic acid and capecitabine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof.
By administering the antibody of the present invention in combination with an anti-tumor agent, even greater therapeutic effects can be obtained. This technique is applicable before and after surgery of a cancer patient with CAPRIN-1 expression. Especially after surgery, more effective prevention of cancer recurrences or a prolonged survival period can be achieved against cancer that expresses CAPRIN-1, which has been treated conventionally with an antitumor agent alone.
Examples of anti-tumor agents to be administered in combination with the antibody of the present invention include the following anti-tumor agents known in the prior or similar literature, such as paclitaxel, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, thiotepa, busulfan, improsulfan, piposulfan, benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, uredopa, altretamine, triethylenemelamine, triethylenephosphoramide, triethyleneethiophosphoramide, trimethylolomelamine, bulatacin, bulatacinone, camptothecin, briostatin, calistatin, cryptokinin, chloramycin, hematocritine colofosfamide, estramustina, ifosfamide, mecloretamina, mecloretamine hydrochloride oxide, melphalan, novembicine, phenesterine, prednimustine, trophosphamide, uracil mustards carmustine, chlorzotocin, fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, sperminicine, ranimustine, ranimustine, ranimustine, ranimustine aclacinomycin, actinomycin, autramycin, azaserine, bleomycin, cactinomycin, carabicin, carminomycin, carzinophylline, chromomycin, dactinomycin, detorbicin,
6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, adriamycin, epirubicin, esorubicin, idarubicin,
marcelomycin, mitomycin C, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins,
peplomycin, potfiromycin, puromycin, chelamycin, rhodorubicin,
streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin,
5 denopterin, pteropterin, trimetrexate, fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, tiamiprine, thioguanine, ancitabine, azacytidine, 6-azauridine, carmofur, cytarabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, floxuridine, floxuridine, floxuridine
dromostanolone propionate, epithiostanol, mepitiostane, testolactone,
aminoglutetimide, mitotane, trilostane, frolinic acid, aceglatone,
aldophosphamide glycoside, aminolevulinic acid, eniluracil, amsacrine,
bestrabucil, bisanthrene, edatraxate, defofamine, demecolcine, diaziquone, elfornitine, ellipinum acetate, epothilone, etoglucide, lentinan, lonidamine, maytansine, ansamitocin, mitoguazone, mitoxantrone, mopidanmol, nitra
pentostatin, fenamet, pyrarubicin, losoxantrone, podophyllinic acid,
2-ethylhydrazide, procarbazine, razoxane, rhizoxin, scizophyllane, spirogermanium,
tenuazonic acid, triaziquone, roridin A, anguidine, urethane, vindesine,
dacarbazine, manomustine, mitobronitol, mitolactol, pipobroman, gacitosin,
docetaxel, chlorambucil, gemcitabine, 6-thioguanine, mercaptopurine, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin, vinblastine, etoposide, ifosfamide, mitoxantrone,
vincristine, vinorelbine, novantrone, teniposide, edatrexate, daunomycin,
aminopterin, xeloda, ibandronate, irinotecan, topoisomerase inhibitor,
difluoromethylornithine (DMFO), retinoic acid and capecitabine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts (known) or derivatives (known) thereof.
Of the examples mentioned above, particularly cyclophosphamide,
paclitaxel, docetaxel and vinorelbine are preferably used.
Alternatively, a radioactive isotope known in the previous or similar literature, such as At211, 1131, 1125, Y 90, Re 186, Re 188, Sm 153, Bi 212, p 32,
Lu 175 or Lu 176, can be linked to the antibody of the present invention.
A desired radioisotope is effective for the treatment or diagnosis of a tumor.
The antibody of the present invention is an antibody that has immunological reactivity with CAPRIN-1, an antibody that specifically recognizes CAPRIN-1, or an antibody that specifically binds to CAPRIN-1, which exhibits a cytotoxic activity against cancer or of suppression on tumor growth. The antibody must have a structure so that rejection is almost or completely prevented in an animal subject to which the antibody is administered. Examples of such an antibody include, when the subject animal is human, human antibodies, humanized antibodies, chimeric antibodies (e.g., chimeric human-mouse antibody), single chain antibodies and bispecific antibodies. These antibodies are: recombinant antibodies having the heavy and light chain variable regions from a human antibody; recombinant antibodies having the heavy and light chain variable regions composed of the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) (CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3) of an antibody from a non-human animal and the framework regions of a human antibody; or recombinant antibodies having the heavy and light chain variable regions from a non-human animal antibody; wherein said recombinant antibodies also have the heavy chain and light chain constant regions of a human antibody.
Preferred antibodies are the first two antibodies mentioned.
These recombinant antibodies can be prepared as follows by cloning the DNA encoding an anti-CAPRIN-1 human monoclonal antibody (for example, a human monoclonal antibody, a mouse monoclonal antibody, a mouse monoclonal antibody, a rabbit monoclonal antibody , or chicken monoclonal antibody) from an antibody producing cell, such as a hybridoma, by preparing the DNA encoding a light chain variable region and an antibody heavy chain variable region by an RT-PCR method using the even as a template, and then determining the sequence of each variable region of light chain and heavy chain or each sequence of COR1, COR2 and COR3 5 based on Kabat's EU numbering system (Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991)).
In addition, the ONA encoding each of the variable regions or ONA encoding each COR is prepared using gene recombination techniques (Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1989)) or a synthesizer of ONA. In the present invention, the human monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma can be prepared by immunizing a human antibody-producing animal (for example, a mouse) with human CAPRIN-1, followed by fusing the spleen cells taken from the animal previously immunized with myeloma cells. Alternatively, ONAs encoding a light chain variable region and a heavy chain constant region of a human antibody are prepared as needed, using gene recombination techniques or using an ONA synthesizer. In the case of humanized antibody, ONA is prepared by replacing a COR coding sequence in ONA that encodes a variable region of light chain or heavy chain derived from a human antibody, with a COR coding sequence corresponding to that of an antibody derived from a non-human animal (e.g., a mouse, a rat, or a chicken) and then linking the ONA obtained in this way to an ONA encoding a light chain or heavy chain constant region derived from a human antibody. Thus, the ONA encoding the humanized antibody can be prepared.
In the case of the chimeric antibody, the DNA encoding a chimeric antibody can be prepared by ligating the DNA encoding a light chain or heavy chain variable region of an antibody of a non-human animal (for example, a mouse, a rat, or chicken) to the DNA encoding a human antibody light chain or heavy chain constant region.
In the case of the single chain antibody, this antibody is an antibody prepared by the linear linkage of the heavy chain variable region to a light chain variable region by means of a linker.
Thus, DNA encoding a single chain antibody can be prepared by binding the DNA encoding a heavy chain variable region, and a DNA encoding a ligand, and a DNA encoding a light chain variable region. In the present invention, a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region are both from a human antibody, or, only the CDRs are replaced by CDRs from an antibody derived from a non-human animal (for example, a mouse, a rat, and chicken), although the other regions originate from a human antibody. In addition, the linker has 12 to 19 amino acids, and examples of this include (G4S) 3 having 15 amino acids (Kim, GB. Et al., Protein Engineering Design and Se / ection 2007, 20 (9): 425 -432).
In the case of bispecific antibody (diabody), this antibody is able to specifically bind to two different epitopes. For example, DNA encoding a bispecific antibody can be prepared by binding the DNA encoding a "A" heavy chain variable region, a DNA encoding a "B" light chain variable region, a DNA encoding a variable region heavy chain "B", and a DNA encoding a variable region of light chain "A", in that order (in this case, the DNA encoding a variable region of light chain "B" is linked to the DNA encoding a variable region heavy chain "B" via the DNA encoding the linker (linker) above). In this case, a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region are both from a human antibody, or, a human antibody in which only the CDRs have been replaced with CDRs from an antibody from a non-human animal (for example, example, a mouse, a rat, or a chicken).
The recombinant DNA prepared above is incorporated into one or a variety of vectors, these vectors are introduced into host cells (for example, mammalian cells, yeast or insect cells), then (co) expression is caused, so that the recombinant antibody can be prepared (PJ Delves, ANTIBODY PRODUCTION ESSENTIAL TECHNIQUES, 1997 WILEY; P. Shepherd and C. Dean., Monoc / ona / Antibodies, 2000 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS; JW Goding., Monoclone / Antibodies: principies and practice , 1993 ACADEMIC PRESS).
Examples of the antibody of the present invention prepared by the method described above includes the following antibody (a), (b) or (c) obtained in the Examples below: (a) an antibody (for example, the antibody composed of the heavy chain variable region of SEQ 10 NO: 43 and the light chain variable region of SEQ 10 NO: 47) comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising SEQ 10 NOs: 40, 41 and 42 and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ 10 NOs : 44, 45 and 46; and (b) an antibody (for example, the antibody composed of the heavy chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 43 and the light chain variable region of SEQ 10 NO: 51) which comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the SEQ 10 NOs: 40, 41 and 42 and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NOs: 48, 49 and 50.
(c) an antibody (for example, the antibody composed of the heavy chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 63 and the light chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 67) which comprises a heavy chain variable region 5 comprising the SEQ ID NOs: 60, 61 and 62 and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65 and 66.
The amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 40, 41, and 42, and SEQ ID NOs: 60, 61, and 63 are CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3, respectively, of the mouse antibody heavy chain variable regions. In addition, the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 44, 45 and 46, SEQ ID Nos: 48.49 and 50 and SEQ ID NOs: 64, 65, and 66 are CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3, respectively, from regions mouse antibody light chain variables.
In addition, the humanized antibody, chimeric antibody, single chain antibody or bispecific antibody of the present invention is the following antibody (exemplified as "antibody (a)"), for example: (i) an antibody in which the variable region of The heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 40, 41, and 42 and the amino acid sequences of the framework regions of a human antibody, and a variable region of the light chain comprises the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 44, 45, and 46 and the amino acid sequences of the human antibody framework regions (preferably, the antibody in which the variable heavy chain region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47); and (ii) an antibody in which the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 40, 41, and 42, and the amino acid sequences of the framework regions of a human antibody; and a heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence of a human antibody; and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 5 44, 45, and 46 and the amino acid sequences of the human antibody framework regions and a light chain constant region comprising a sequence amino acid of a human antibody (preferably the antibody, where the variable heavy chain region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43, and the heavy chain constant region 1 comprises the amino acid sequence of a human antibody, as well as a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47, and a light chain constant region comprising an amino acid sequence of a human antibody).
In addition, human antibody heavy chain sequences and light chain constant regions and variable regions, can be obtained from the NCBI (for example, in the USA: GenBank, Unigene), for example. For example, the sequence with Accession number J00228 can be referred to a heavy chain constant region of human IgG1, the sequence with Accession number J00230 can be referred to a heavy chain constant region of human IgG2, the sequence with accession number X03604 can be referred to a human lgG3 heavy chain constant region, accession sequence K01316 can be referred to a human lgG4 heavy chain constant region, sequences with accession numbers V00557, X64135, X64133, and the like can be referred to human K light chain constant regions, and sequences with accession numbers X64132, X64134, and the like, can be referred to the light chain constant regions À.
human. The antibodies referred to above preferably have cytotoxic activity and, therefore, can exhibit anti-tumor effects. In addition, the specific sequences of variable regions of heavy and light chain or CDRs in the above antibodies are given for illustrative purposes only, and therefore are not clearly limited to those specific sequences. A hybridoma capable of producing another human antibody or non-human animal antibody (for example, a mouse antibody) against human CAPRIN-1 is prepared, a monoclonal antibody that is produced by the hybridoma is collected, and then it is determined if the antibody is not the desired antibody having as indicators the immunological binding property with human CAPRIN-1 and cytotoxic activity. After identifying a hybridoma that produces the target monoclonal antibody in this way, the DNA encoding the heavy chain and light chain variable region of the target antibody is prepared from the hybridoma as described above, and sequencing is performed, and then , DNA is used for the preparation of another antibody.
In addition, in relation to the above antibody, the sequence of the antibodies from (a) to (c) mentioned above, and particularly the sequence of the framework region and / or the sequence of the constant region of each of the antibodies, can have a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids, as long as the specific recognition specificity of CAPRIN-1 is maintained. In this case, the term "various" refers preferably to 2 to 5, and more preferably 2 or 3.
The present invention further provides a DNA encoding the antibody of the present invention cited above, or, a DNA encoding the heavy chain or light chain of the above antibody, or a DNA encoding the heavy chain or light chain variable region of the above antibody. Examples of such ONAs include, in the case of antibody (a), the ONA encoding a heavy chain variable region comprising the nucleotide sequences encoding the amino acid sequences of SEQ 10 NOs: 40, 41, and 42, and the encoding ONA of a light chain variable region 5 comprising the nucleotide sequences encoding the amino acid sequences of SEQ 10 NOs: 44, 45, and 46.
The complementarity determining regions (CORs) encoded by the ONA sequences are regions for determining the specificity of the antibody. Therefore, the coding sequences of 1o regions in an antibody other than CORs (more specifically, a constant region and a region of the framework) may be of other antibodies. In the present invention, examples of such "other antibodies" include antibodies derived from non-human organisms, and are preferably derived from humans in order to reduce side effects. Thus, in the case of the ONA above, the coding regions of each region of the framework and each contact region of heavy and light chains preferably comprise nucleotide sequences that encode corresponding amino acid sequences of a human antibody.
Other examples of ONA alternatives encoding the antibody of the present invention include, in the case of antibody (a), the ONA encoding a heavy chain variable region comprising the nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 43 and a ONA encoding a light chain variable region comprising the nucleotide sequence encoding the SEQ 10 NO: 47 amino acid sequence. In this case, an example of the nucleotide sequence encoding the SEQ 10 NO: 43 amino acid sequence is the nucleotide sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 52. In addition, an example of the nucleotide sequence that encodes the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 47 is the nucleotide sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 53. In these DNAs, the coding regions of each region heavy and light chain constants preferably comprise the nucleotide sequences encoding the corresponding amino acid sequences of a human antibody.
The DNAs of these antibodies can be obtained by the methods above or, for example, by the following method. First, the total RNA is prepared from an antibody-related hybridoma of the present invention using a commercial RNA extraction kit, then the cDNA and is synthesized with a reverse transcriptase using random primers or the like. Subsequently, the cDNA encoding an antibody is amplified by a PGR method using primers of the conserved sequence oligonucleotides in each variable region of known mouse antibody heavy and light chain genes. The coding sequence for a constant region can be obtained by amplifying a sequence known by the PGR method. The sequence of DNA nucleotides can be determined by a conventional method such as inserting it into a plasmid or phage for sequencing. An anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody to be used in the present invention is considered an antibody that exhibits antitumor effects against cancer cells that express CAPRIN-1 through the following mechanism: Antibody-dependent effector cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of cells that express CAPRIN-1 and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of cells expressing CAPRIN-1.
For this reason, the activity of an anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody to be used in the present invention can be assessed, as specifically described in the Examples below, by measuring the ex vivo activity of ADCC or strain against cancer cells expressing CAPRIN-1 .
An anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody to be used in the present invention, binds to a CAPRIN-1 protein in a cancer cell and exhibits anti-tumor effects due to the activity mentioned above, and is therefore useful for treating or preventing cancer. Specifically, the present invention 5 provides a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, which comprises an anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody as an active ingredient.
When the anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody is used for administration to a human body (antibody therapy), it is preferably a human antibody or humanized antibody, in order to decrease immunogenicity.
In addition, the greater the binding affinity between an anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody and a CAPRIN-1 protein on the surfaces of cancer cells, the stronger anti-tumor activity of the anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody can be obtained. Therefore, when an anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody with high binding affinity for the CAPRIN-1 protein can be acquired, strong anti-tumor effects can be expected, so that the application of the antibody as a pharmaceutical composition for purposes of treatment and / or cancer prevention becomes possible. The high binding affinity is desirably as follows. As described above, the binding constant (affinity constants) Ka (k 0 n / k 0 ff) is preferably at least 107 M "1, at least 108 M-1, at least 5 x 108 M-1, at least 109 M-1, at least 5 x 109 M-1, at least 10 10 M-1, at least 5 x 10 10 M-1, at least 1011 M-1, at least 5 x 10 11 M-1, at least at least 10 12 M-1 or at least 10 13 M-1.
BINDING TO CELLS EXPRESSING THE ANTIGEN The ability of an antibody to bind CAPRIN-1 can be specified by the binding assay using the ELISA method, a Westem blot method, immuno-fluorescence and flow cytometric analysis, or similar techniques, such as those described in the Examples.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMIC COLORING An antibody that recognizes CAPRIN-1 can be tested for reactivity to CAPRIN-1 using an immunohistochemistry method known to those skilled in the art, using sections of frozen tissue fixed in acetone or cuts of tissue fixed embedded in paraffin, which is prepared from tissue samples obtained from a patient during surgery, or tissue samples obtained from an animal having a heterotransplant inoculated with a cell line that expresses CAPRIN-1, either naturally or after transfection.
An antibody reactive for CAPRIN-1 can be stained by several immunohistochemistry staining methods. For example, a goat anti-mouse antibody or goat anti-chicken antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase can perform the reaction, and a target antibody can be visualized.
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, which is characterized by containing the above antibody or a fragment thereof as an active ingredient that has immunological reactivity with partial CAPRIN-1 polypeptides represented by Even number SEQ IOs: 2 to 30, where the polypeptide has the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ 10 NO: 37, or an amino acid sequence that has 80% or more sequence identity with the SEQ 10 amino acid sequence NO: 37.
A target of the pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer of the present invention is not particularly limited, as long as it is the cancer (cell) that expresses a CAPRIN-1 gene. The terms "tumor" and "cancer" used in the present invention refer to malignant neoplasms and are used interchangeably.
The cancer to be subjected to in the present invention is the cancer that expresses genes encoding CAPRIN-1 proteins having the amino acid sequences NE numbered evenly from SEQ 10 NOs: 2 to 30. Examples of such cancer preferably include breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia , 5 lymphoma, lung cancer, mastocytoma, kidney cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer or fibrosarcoma.
Examples of such specific cancer include, but are not limited to, breast adenocarcinoma, composite type breast adenocarcinoma, malignant mixed mammary gland tumor, intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, large cells, glioma which is a tumor of neural epithelial tissue, ependymoma, neurocytoma, fetal neuroectodermal tumor, schwannoma, neurofibroma, meningioma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, gastrointestinal lymphoma, digestive lymphoma, small and medium cell lymphoma, caecum cancer ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon cancer, sigmoid colon, rectal cancer, ovarian epithelial cancer, germ cell tumor and interstitial cell tumor. In addition, preferred individuals are mammals, including primates, pets, domestic animals, bred animals, and the like and are particularly preferably humans, dogs and cats.
When the antibody used in the present invention is used as a pharmaceutical composition, it can be formulated by a method known to those skilled in the art. For example, the antibody can be used parenterally in the form of an injectable preparation, such as an aseptic solution or suspension prepared with water or a pharmaceutically acceptable solution other than water. For example, it can be formulated by mixing a unit dosage form required by generally accepted pharmaceutical practice, in suitable combination with a vehicle the pharmacologically acceptable medium, specifically, sterile water or saline, vegetable oil, an emulsifier, a suspension , a surfactant, a stabilizer, a flavoring compound, an excipient, a vehicle, an antiseptic, a binding agent, and the like. The amounts of active ingredients in these preparations are determined so that an adequate dose within the indicated range can be obtained.
A composition for aseptic injection can be prescribed according to general pharmaceutical practice, using a vehicle such as distilled water for injection.
Examples of an aqueous solution for injection include saline, isotonic solution containing dextrose or other adjuvants, such as 0-sorbitol, D-mannose, D-mannitol, and sodium chloride. These examples can be used in combination with a suitable solubilizing agent, such as alcohol, especially ethanol and polyalcohol (eg propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol), and a nonionic surfactant (surfactant) (eg polysorbate 80 ® and HC0-60).
Examples of oils include sesame oil and soy oil, which can be used in combination with a solubilizing agent such as benzyl benzoate or benzyl alcohol. In addition, buffering agents, such as phosphate buffer or sodium acetate buffer, agents with soothing action such as procaine hydrochloride, a stabilizer such as benzyl alcohol, phenol, or antioxidants can be mixed with it. A suitable ampoule is usually filled with the injection solution thus prepared.
Administration is oral or parenteral administration and is preferably parenteral administration. Specific examples of the route of administration include injection, transnasal administration, pulmonary administration and transdermal administration. Examples of injection include intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, and subcutaneous injection, so that systemic or local administration is possible.
In addition, administration methods can be appropriately selected depending on the patient's age, body weight, sex, symptoms, among others. The dosage by administering a pharmaceutical composition containing an antibody or polynucleotide that encodes the antibody can be selected from the range between 0.0001 mg and 1000 mg per kg of body weight, for example. Alternatively, the dosage can be selected, for example, from the range between 0.001 mg / body and 100000 mg / body per patient. However, the dosage range is not always limited to these numerical values. The dosage and method of administration vary depending on the patient's body weight, age, sex, symptoms, and the like, but can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
The above pharmaceutical composition containing the antibody or a fragment thereof is administered to a subject, so that the cancer, preferably breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphoma, mastocytoma, kidney cancer, cancer of the cervix, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, can be treated and / or prevented. The present invention further encompasses a method for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, comprising administering to a subject the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention in combination with the anti-tumor agent exemplified above or a pharmaceutical composition containing said anti-tumor agent. The antibody or fragment thereof and the anti-tumor agent can be administered simultaneously or separately to a subject. They can be administered separately, regardless of the order of administration. The administration intervals, dosage, route of administration, and frequency of administration 5 can be appropriately selected by a specialist. Examples of another pharmaceutical formulation to be administered simultaneously include pharmaceutical compositions obtained by mixing the antibody or fragment thereof of the present invention with an antitumor agent in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (or medium) followed by the formulation. In addition, it is 1st applicable to the above pharmaceutical composition containing an antitumor agent or formulation, explanations relating to the prescription, formulation, route of administration, dose, cancer to be treated and the like for the administration of a pharmaceutical composition containing the antibody of the present invention ; and for the formulation.
Therefore, the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical combination for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, comprising the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention and the pharmaceutical composition exemplified above containing an anti-tumor agent. In addition, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, comprising the antibody or fragment thereof of the present invention and an antitumor agent together with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier.
POLIPEPTIDE AND DNA The present invention also provides the following polypeptides and DNAs related to antibody (a), (b) or (c) above. (i) A polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOS: 43 and 63, and the DNA encoding the polypeptide, wherein the DNA comprises the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOS:
52 and 68. (ii) A polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 NOs: 47, 51 and 67, and the ONA encoding the polypeptide, where ONA comprises the nucleotide sequences of 5 SEQ 10 NOs: 70, 53 and 69. (iii) A heavy chain COR polypeptide selected from the group consisting of the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ 10 NOs: 40, 41 and 42, and SEQ 10 NOs: 60, 61 and 62, and ONA coding for the polypeptide.
(iv) A light chain COR polypeptide selected from the group consisting of the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ 10 NOs: 44, 45 and 46, SEQ 10 NOs: 48, 49 and 50, and SEQ 10 NOs: 64, 65 and 66, and the ONA encoding the polypeptide. These polypeptides and ONAs can be prepared using the techniques of gene recombination as described above.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention explained above is summarized as follows. (1) A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, comprising an antibody or a fragment thereof as an active ingredient that has immunological reactivity with a partial CAPRIN-1 polypeptide, in which CAPRIN-1 is represented by any of the even numbered sequences of SEQ 10 NOS: 2 to 30, and wherein the partial polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 37 or an amino acid sequence having 80% or more sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37.
(2) The pharmaceutical composition according to item (1) in which the cancer is breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia, lymphoma, lung cancer, mast cell tumor, kidney cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, cancer of esophagus, gastric cancer or colorectal cancer.
(3) The pharmaceutical composition according to item (1) or (2) 5 wherein said antibody is a monoclonal antibody or polyclonal antibody.
(4) The pharmaceutical composition according to any of items from (1) to (3), characterized by the fact that said antibody is a human antibody, humanized antibody, chimeric antibody, single chain antibody or a bispecific antibody.
(5) An antibody having immunological reactivity with a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 37 or an amino acid sequence having 80% or more of sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37.
(6) The antibody according to item (5) above, which has a cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell that expresses a CAPRIN-1 protein.
(7) An antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NOs: 40, 41, and 42; and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NOs: 44, 45, and 46, and which has immunological reactivity with a CAPRIN-1 protein.
(8) An antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising SEQ ID Nos: 40, 41, and 42; and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ ID Nos: 48, 49 and 50, and having immunological reactivity with a CAPRIN-1 protein.
(9) An antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising SEQ ID Nos: 60, 61, and 62; and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ ID Nos: 64, 65, and 66, and has immunological reactivity with a CAPRIN-1 protein.
(1 O) The antibody according to any of the items from (5) to (9) above, characterized by the fact that it is a human antibody, humanized antibody, chimeric antibody, single chain antibody or bispecific 5 antibody.
(11) A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, comprising the antibody or fragment thereof from any of the items from (5) to (1 O) above as an active ingredient.
(12) The pharmaceutical composition according to item (11) in which the cancer is breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia, lymphoma, lung cancer, mast cell tumor, kidney cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, cancer of esophagus, gastric cancer or colorectal cancer.
(13) A pharmaceutical combination for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, which comprises the pharmaceutical composition of any of items from (1) to (4) above, or the pharmaceutical composition of item (11) or (12) above, and a pharmaceutical composition containing an anti-tumor agent.
(14) A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, comprising administering to a subject the antibody or fragment thereof any of the items (5) to (1 O) or the pharmaceutical composition according to item (11) or (12) above.
(15) A method for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, comprising the use of pharmaceutical compositions of the pharmaceutical combination of item (13) above, in combination, in a subject.
EXAMPLES The present invention is described more specifically on the basis of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by these specific examples.
EXAMPLE 1
IDENTIFICATION OF NEW CANCER ANTIGEN PROTEINS BY METHOD 5 BE EX (1) PREPARATION OF CONA LIBRARY The total RNA was extracted from testis tissue of a healthy dog by a method of guanidine-phenol-chloroform. The polyA RNA was purified according to the protocols provided with an "Oligotex-dT30 mRNA" purification kit (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) using the kit.
A dog testis cDNA phage library was synthesized using the mRNA thus obtained (5 µg). For the preparation of the cDNA phage library, a cDNA synthesis kit, a "ZAP-cDNA" synthesis kit, and a "ZAP-cDNA gigapack Ili gold c / onning kit" (Stratagene) cloning kit were used and the library was prepared according to protocols attached to the kits. The size of the prepared cDNA phage library was 7.73 x 10 5 pfu / ml.
(2) SELECTION OF THE CONA LIBRARY USING THE SERUM The immunoselection was performed using the dog testis cDNA phage library prepared above. Specifically, an Escherichia co / i host (XL 1-Blue MRF ') was infected with the phage so that 2210 clones were present on an NZY 0 90 x 15 mm agarose plate. The cells were cultured at 42 ºC for 3 to 4 hours, in order to cause plaque formation. The plate was covered with a nitrocellulose membrane (Hybond C extra: GE Healthcare Bio-Science) impregnated with IPTG (isopropyl-13-D-thiogalactoside) at 37 ºC for 4 hours. The proteins were induced, expressed, and then transferred to the membrane. Subsequently, the membrane was recovered, immersed, and subjected to stirring in TBS (10 mM Tris-HCI, 150 mM NaCI pH 7.5) containing 0.5%
of skimmed-milk powder at 4 ºC overnight, so that the non-specific reaction was suppressed. The filter was allowed to react with the dog's serum diluted 500 times at room temperature for 2 to 3 hours.
As the serum above dogs with cancer, the 5 sera collected from dogs with breast cancer were used. The sera were stored at -80 ºC and then subjected to pre-treatment immediately before use. Pretreatment for the serum was performed by the following method.
Specifically, the host Escherichia coli (XL 1-blure MRF ') was infected 11 with phage expressed by ZAP Express "into which no foreign genes were introduced, and then cultured in a plate with NZY medium at 37 ° C overnight. Subsequently, a 0.2 M NaHC03 buffer (pH 8.3) containing 0.5 M NaCI was added to the plate and the plate was then left to stand at 4 ° C for 15 hours. as extracts of Escherichia colilfago, then the collected Escherichia colilfago extracts were passed through an NHS column (GE Healthcare Bio-Science) in order to immobilize the protein derived from Escherichia co / i / phages. a dog with cancer was passed through the column to which the protein was immobilized by reaction, thus removing Escherichia coli and antibodies adsorbed to the phage from the serum.Each fraction of serum that passed through the column was diluted 500 times with TBS containing 0.5% skimmed-milk powder, and the resultant was used as immunoselection material. A membrane, to which the treated serum and fusion protein mentioned above were subjected to the blotting technique, was washed 4 times with TBS-T (0.05% Tween 20 / TBS). The membrane was reacted with goat anti-dog IgG antibody (goat dog anti-IgG-h + i conjugated to HRP: BETHYL Laboratories), diluted 5,000 times, as a secondary antibody with TBS containing 0.5% milk in skimmed powder at room temperature for 1 hour. Detection was performed by enzymatic color reaction using an NBT / BCIP reaction solution (Roche). Colonies corresponding to the positive color reaction site were collected from NZY 090 x 15 mm agarose plates, and then dissolved in 500 µI SM buffer (100 mM 5 NaCI, 10 mM MgCIS04, 50 mM Tris-HCI , 0.01% gelatin, pH 7.5). Until the unification of positive colonies for the color reaction, secondary selection and tertiary selection were repeated by a method similar to that described above. Thus, 30,940 phage clones that reacted with the serum IgG were triaded so that 5 positive clones were isolated.
1O (3) HOMOLOGY RESEARCH FOR THE ISOLATED ANTIGEN GENE A procedure for converting phage vectors to plasmid vectors was performed for the 5 positive clones isolated by the method described above for the purpose of subjecting the clones to nucleotide sequence analysis. Specifically, 200 µL of a solution of Escherichia co / i hosts (XL 1-Blue MRF ') prepared to give an absorbance at 0050 0 of 1.0; 250 µL of a purified phage solution, and 1 µL of auxiliary phages "ExAssist he / per phage" (Stratagene) were mixed and allowed to react at 37 ° C for 15 minutes. Then 3 ml of LB medium was added, the cells were grown at 37 ° C for 2.5 to 3 hours, and then the resultant was immediately placed in a 70 ° C water bath for a 20 minute incubation. Centrifugation was carried out at 4 ºC, 1000 x g for 15 minutes and then the supernatant was collected as a phagemid solution. Subsequently, 200 µI of a solution prepared from the host phagemid Escherichia co / i SOLR to give an absorbance at 00 600 of 1.0; and 10O µL of the purified phage solution were mixed, followed by 15 minutes of reaction at 37 ºC. 50 µL of the resulting solution was plated on LB agar medium containing ampicillin (in a final concentration of 50 µg / ml) and then grown overnight at 37 ºC.
A single transformed SOLR colony was collected and then cultured in LB medium containing ampicillin (in a final concentration of 50 µg / ml) at 37 ºC. After cultivation, the plasmid ONA containing an insert of interest was purified using a kit "Q / AGEN plasmid Miniprep Kif '(QIAGEN).
5 The purified plasmid was subjected to analysis of the entire sequence of the inserted segment using the primer walking method using the T3 primer of SEQ 10 NO: 31 and the T7 primer of SEQ 10 NO: 32. The sequences of the SEQ 10 gene NOs: 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 were obtained through sequence analysis. Using the nucleotide sequences of the genes and their amino acid sequences (SEQ 10 NOs: 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14), the BLAST homology research program (http: //www.ncbi.nlm .nih.gov / BLAST /) was conducted to search for homology with known genes. As a result, it was revealed that all five genes obtained were genes that encode CAPRIN-1. The sequence identities between the five genes were 100% with respect to the nucleotide sequence and 99% with respect to the amino acid sequence in the regions to be translated into proteins. The sequence identities of these genes with the human homologous coding genes were 94% with respect to the nucleotide sequence and 98% with respect to the amino acid sequence in the regions to be translated into proteins. The nucleotide sequences of human homologues are represented by SEQ 10 NOs: 1 and 3 and their amino acid sequences are represented by SEQ 10 NOs: 2 and 4. In addition, the sequence identities of the dog genes obtained with the genes coding of cattle counterparts were 94% with respect to the nucleotide sequence and 97% with respect to the amino acid sequence in the regions that are translated into proteins. The nucleotide sequence of the livestock homologue is represented by SEQ 10 NO: 15 and the amino acid sequence thereof is represented by SEQ 10 NO: 16. In addition, the sequence identities of the human homologous coding genes with the coding genes of homologous of cattle were 94% with respect to the nucleotide sequence and 97% with respect to the amino acid sequence in the regions that are translated into proteins.
In addition, the identities of
The sequence of dog genes obtained with the coding genes of horse counterparts was 93% with respect to the nucleotide sequence and 97%
with respect to the amino acid sequence in the regions that are translated into proteins.
The nucleotide sequence of the horse homologue is represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 and the amino acid sequence thereof is represented by SEQ ID NO: 18. In addition, the sequence identities of the human homologous coding genes with the coding genes of horse homologues were 93% with respect to the nucleotide sequence and 97% with respect to the amino acid sequence in the regions that are translated into proteins.
In addition, the sequence identities of the dog genes obtained with the coding genes of mouse homologs were 87% to
89% with respect to the nucleotide sequence and 95 to 97% with respect to the amino acid sequence in the regions that are translated into proteins.
The nucleotide sequences of the mouse homologues are represented by SEQ ID NOs: 19, 21, 23, 25 and 37; and their amino acid sequences are represented by SEQ ID NOs: 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28. In addition, the sequence identities of the human homolog encoding genes with the mouse homolog encoding genes were 89% at 91% with respect to the nucleotide sequence and were 95% to 96% with respect to the amino acid sequence in the regions that are translated into proteins.
In addition, the sequence identities of the dog genes obtained with the coding genes of chicken homologs were
82% regarding the nucleotide sequence and 87% regarding the amino acid sequence in the regions that are translated into proteins.
The nucleotide sequence of the chicken homologue is represented by SEQ 10 NO: 29 and its amino acid sequence is represented by SEQ 10 NO: 30. In addition, the sequence identities of the genes encoding the human homologue with the coding genes of the chicken homologous were from 5 81% to 82% with respect to the nucleotide sequence; and 86% with respect to the amino acid sequence in the regions that are translated into proteins.
(4) ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION IN EACH TISSUE The expression of genes obtained by the method described above was examined in normal tissues of dogs and humans and in different cell lines by the RT-PCR method. The reverse transcription reaction was performed as follows. Specifically, the total RNA was extracted from 50 mg to 100 mg of tissue or 5 to 10 x 10 6 cells of the cell line using a Trizol reagent (lnvitrogen) according to the attached protocols.
CONA was synthesized with total RNA using a synthesis system for RT-PCR "Superscript First-Strand Synthesis System" (lnvitrogen) according to the manufacturer's protocol. PCR was performed as follows using primers of SEQ 10 NOs: 33 and 34 specific for the obtained genes.
Specifically, the reagents and an accompanying buffer were added to 0.25 µL of the sample, prepared by the reverse transcription reaction in a total volume of 25 µL, so that the resultant contained the above primers at 2 µM each, 0 dNTPs, 2 mM each, and 0.65U of ExTaq polymerase (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.). PCR was performed by repeating a cycle of 94 ºC for 30 seconds, 60 ºC for 30 seconds, and 72 ºC for 30 seconds, for 30 cycles, using a Thermal Cyc / er thermocycler (810 RAO). The gene-specific primers above are capable of amplifying the region ranging from nucleotides 206 to 632 in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 5 (dog CAPRIN-1 gene) and the region ranging from nucleotides 698 to 1124 in the sequence of nucleotides of SEQ 10 NO: 1
(human CAPRIN-1 gene). As a control for comparison, GAPDH specific primers of SEQ ID NOs: 35 and 36 were also used simultaneously. As a result, as shown in Fig. 1, a strong expression was observed in the testis among tissues of normal dogs, while 5 was observed in the tissues of breast cancer and dog adenocarcinoma. In addition, observation of the expression of the human homologue from the genes obtained was also performed. As a result, similarly to the case of the dog CAPRIN-1 gene, the expression could be observed only in the testis among normal tissues. However, in the case of 1st cancer cells, expression has been detected in many types of cancer cell lines, including breast cancer cell lines, brain tumor, leukemia, lung cancer, and esophageal cancer. The expression was seen especially in many of the breast cancer cell lines. These results were confirmed by the results that, with the exception of testis tissue, CAPRIN-1 expression is not observed in normal tissues, whereas CAPRIN-1 was expressed in cancer cells and, specifically, in many cancer cell lines. breast.
In Fig. 1, reference number 1 on each vertical axis indicates the expression patterns of genes identified above and reference number 2 indicates expression patterns of the GAPDH gene as a control.
(5) PREPARATION OF POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST PEPTIDE DERIVED FROM CAPRIN-1.
To obtain an antibody that binds to CAPRIN-1, the CAPRIN-1 derived peptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 37 was synthesized. 1mg of the peptide as an antigen was mixed with an equivalent volume of an incomplete Freund's adjuvant solution (IFA). The mixture was administered subcutaneously to rabbits 4 times every 2 weeks. The blood was then collected and the antiserum containing polyclonal antibodies was obtained. In addition, the antiserum was purified using a G protein transporter (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences), so that polyclonal antibodies against the CAPRIN-1 derived peptide were obtained. In addition, serum from a rabbit to which the antigen was not administered was purified using a G protein transporter in a manner similar to the above, and the resultant was used as a control antibody.
(6) ANALYSIS OF ANTIGEN PROTEIN EXPRESSION ON THE
CANCER Next, 7 breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-157, T47D, MRK-nu-1, MDA-MB-231V, BT20, SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231T), whose CAPRIN-1 gene expression was observed at high levels, were examined for CAPRIN-1 protein expression on cell surfaces. 106 cells from each human breast cancer cell line for the expression of the gene that had been observed previously were centrifuged in a 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube. 2 µg (5 µL) of the polyclonal antibodies against the CAPRIN-1 derived peptide prepared in item (5) above were added to the tube. After suspension with 95 µL of PBS containing 0.1% fetal bovine serum, the cells were left to rest on ice for 1 hour. After washing with PBS, the resulting product was suspended in PBS containing 5 µL of goat anti-IgG rabbit antibody labeled with FITC (SantaCruz) and 95 µL of fetal bovine serum (SBF) O, 1% and then the The resulting mixture was left to stand on ice for 1 hour. After washing with PBS, the fluorescence intensity was measured using a FACScalibur (Becton, Dickinson & Company). Meanwhile, procedures similar to the one above were performed using the control antibody prepared in item (5) above, instead of polyclonal antibodies against the CAPRIN-1 derived peptide so that a control sample was obtained.
As a result, all cells to which the human anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody was added exhibited increased fluorescence intensity compared to the control. Specifically, the fluorescence intensity increased by 193% in the case of MDA-MB-231V and 169% in the case of 3-SK-BR.
With these results it was revealed that the CAPRIN-1 protein was expressed 5 on the cell membrane surfaces of the human cancer cell lines above. The percentage increase in fluorescence intensity above was expressed as a percentage of the increase in mean fluorescence intensity (MFI level) in each cell type and was calculated using the following formula.
Percentage increase in mean fluorescence intensity (percentage increase in fluorescence intensity) (%) = ((MFI level in cells that reacted with human anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody) - (MFI level of control)) I (level Control MFI) x 100.
With a technique similar to the one above, CAPRIN-1 expression was also analyzed by 3 kidney cancer cell lines (Caki-1, Caki-2, and A498), an ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV3), a lung cancer cell line (QG56), a prostate cancer line (PC3), a cervical cancer cell line (Hela), a fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080), 2 tumor cell lines brain (T98G and U87MG), two mouse colorectal cancer cell lines (CT26 and colon 26), one mouse breast cancer cell line (4T1), one mouse melanoma cell line (816), and two strains of mouse neuroblastoma (N 1E-115 and Neuro2a). As a result, CAPRIN-1 expression was confirmed in all cell lines. In addition, similar results were obtained in the case of the use of anti-CAPRIN-1 monoclonal antibody (monoclonal antibody # 1) comprising the heavy chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 43 and the light chain variable region of SEQ 10 NO: 47 or the anti-CAPRIN-1 monoclonal antibody (monoclonal antibody # 2) comprising the SEQ 10 NO: 43 heavy chain variable region and the SEQ 10 NO: 51 light chain variable region, or the anti-CAPRIN monoclonal antibody -1 (monoclonal antibody # 3), 5 comprising the heavy chain variable region of SEQ 10 NO: 63, and the light chain variable region of SEQ 10 NO: 67 (obtained in Example 3). (7) IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL COLORING (7) -1 EXPRESSION OF CAPRIN-1 IN NORMAL TISSUE AND DOG TISSUE Mice (Balb / c, females) and dogs (beagles, females) were exsanguinated under ether anesthesia and ketamine / isoflurane anesthesia.
After laparotomy, each organ (stomach, liver, eyeball, thymus, muscle, bone marrow, uterus, small intestine, esophagus, heart, kidney, salivary gland, large intestine, mammary gland, brain, lung, skin, supra gland kidney, ovary, pancreas, spleen, and bladder) was transferred to a 10 cm plate containing PBS. Each organ was cut into PBS and then subjected to a fixation infusion overnight in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA). The infusion solution was discarded, the tissue surface of the organs was washed with PBS, a PBS solution containing 10% sucrose was added to a 50 ml centrifuge tube, each tissue was added to the tube, and then , the tube was shaken using a rotor at 4 ° C for 2 hours. The solution was replaced by a PBS solution containing 20% sucrose, and then left to stand at 4 ° C until the tissue sank. The solution was replaced by a PBS solution containing 30% sucrose and then left to stand at 4 ° C until the tissue sank. The tissue was removed and then necessary portions were excised with a surgical scalpel. Then, an OCT compound (Tissue Tek) was added to the fabric so that it was completely applied to the surface of the fabric, and then the fabric was placed in a cryo-mold.
The cryomold was placed on dry ice for rapid freezing.
Then, the tissue was cut from 10 µm to 20 µm using a cryostat (Leica). The cuts were dried in air on glass slides, using a hair dryer for 30 minutes, to prepare the
5 cut fabric mounted on a glass slide.
Then, each sample was placed in a staining bottle filled with PBS-T (saline solution containing 0.05% Tween 20) and then subjected to
PBS-T three times every 5 minutes.
The excess water around the cuts was removed with Kimwipes, and then the cuts were circulated using a "DAKOPEN" (DAKO) pen. As blocking solutions, a MOM mouse lg blocking reagent (Vectastain) and a PBS-T solution containing 10% SBF was placed on the slides on the mouse and dog tissue, respectively, and then left to stand. humid chamber at room temperature for 1 hour.
Then, a solution of polyclonal antibodies (reactive with the surfaces of cancer cells, prepared according to item (5) above), against the peptide derived from CAPRIN-1 (SEQ 10 NO: 37), at 10 µg / ml adjusted with a blocking solution, it was placed on the slides and then rested overnight in a humid chamber at 4 ºC.
Washings were performed
10 minutes with PBS-T for 3 times, and then a biatin-labeled anti-IgG MOM antibody (Vectastain) was diluted 250 times with the blocking solution, and then the slides were incubated at room temperature for 1 hour in a humid chamber.
After ten (1 O)
minutes of washing with PBS-T for 3 times, an ABC avidin-biotin reagent
(Vectastain) was placed on the slides, and then the sample was left to stand in a humid chamber at room temperature for 5 minutes.
After ten (1 O) minutes of washing with PBS-T for 3 times, a DAB dye solution (10 mg of DAB + 30% Hz02 1O µl / 0.05 was placed
M of Tris-HCI (pH 7.6) 50 ml), and then the sample was left to stand in a humid chamber at room temperature for 30 minutes. After washing with distilled water, a hematoxylin reagent (DAKO) was placed on the sample and the sample was left to stand at room temperature for 15 minutes and then washed with distilled water. The glass slide was immersed in 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, and finally 100% ethanol solutions for 1 minute each, then the slides were at rest in xylene overnight. The glass slides were removed, sealed with "G / ycergel Mounting Medium" (DAKO) mounting medium, and then analyzed. As a result, CAPRIN-1 expression was observed slightly within cells of each tissue of salivary glands, kidney, colon and stomach, but its expression was not seen on cell surfaces. In addition, expression in tissues from other organs was not observed. In addition, similar results were obtained in the case of the use of the anti-CAPRIN-1 monoclonal antibody (monoclonal antibody # 1) comprising the heavy chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 43 and the light chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 47, the anti-CAPRIN-1 monoclonal antibody (monoclonal antibody # 2) comprising the heavy chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 43 and the light chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 51, or the anti-CAPRIN monoclonal antibody -1 (monoclonal antibody # 3), comprising the heavy chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 63, and the light chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 67 (obtained in Example 3). (7) -2 EXPRESSION OF CAPRIN-1 IN DOG BREAST CANCER FABRIC.
Freeze cut slides were prepared by a method similar to the one described above using 108 breast cancer specimens frozen from tissue of dogs pathologically diagnosed as having malignant breast cancer, and immunohistochemistry staining was performed using the polyclonal antibody against the CAPRIN-1 derived peptide (SEQ 10 NO: 37) prepared in item (5) above.
As a result, CAPRIN-1 expression was observed in 100 of the 108 samples (92.5%) and CAPRIN-1 was strongly expressed on the surface of cancer cells with a particularly high degree of atypism. In addition, similar results were obtained when using monoclonal antibody # 1, # 2 or # 3 obtained in Example 3.
(7) -3 EXPRESSION OF CAPRIN-1 IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER TISSUE Immunohistochemistry staining was performed using 188 specimens of human breast cancer tissue in a tissue array arranged in human breast cancer embedded in paraffin (BIOMAX). After 3 hours of treatment of the array of breast cancer tissue in a matrix at a temperature of 60 ºC, the matrix was placed in a xylene staining bottle, followed by the replacement of the xylene three times every 5 minutes. Then, a similar process was carried out with ethanol and PBS-T instead of xylene. The human breast cancer tissue matrix was placed in a stain bottle with 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.05% Tween 20. After 5 minutes of treatment at 125 ºC, the matrix was left in stand at room temperature for 40 minutes or more. The excess water around the cuts was removed with Kimwipes, and the cuts were circulated with a DAKOPEN pen, and an endogenous peroxidase blocker (DAKO) was added dropwise in appropriate amounts. Then, the tissue matrix samples were left to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes, the tissue matrix samples were placed in a PBS-T staining bottle, followed by the replacement of PBS-T three times every 5 minutes. As a blocking solution, a PBS-T solution containing 10% SBF was placed in the matrix, and then the matrix was left to stand in a humid chamber at room temperature for 1 hour. Then, a solution of the polyclonal antibody against the peptide derived from 1-CAPRIN (SEQ ID NO: 37) prepared according to item (5) above, having a concentration of 10 µg / ml adjusted with a solution of PBS-T containing 5% SBF was placed on the slides and the tissue matrix was incubated overnight in a humid chamber at 4 ºC. After ten (1 O) minutes of washing with PBS-T for 3 times, a peroxidase-labeled conjugated polymer "Peroxidase Labe / ed Polymer Conjugated (DAKO)" was added dropwise onto the slides in appropriate amounts, and then the matrix tissue arrangement was at rest in a humid chamber at room temperature for 30 minutes.
After ten (10) minutes after washing with PBS-T for 3 times, a DAS dye solution (DAKO) was placed on the slides and then incubated at room temperature for about 10 minutes. The dye solution was discarded, and was washed for 10 minutes with PBS-T for 3 times, and then washes with distilled water. The matrix tissue arrangement was immersed in 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% ethanol solutions, and finally, 100%, for 1 minute each, then rested overnight in xylene. The glass slides were removed, sealed with "Glycerge / Mounting Medium" (DAKO) mounting medium, and then analyzed. As a result, strong CAPRIN-1 expression was observed in a total of 138 of the 188 breast cancer tissue specimens (73%). In addition, similar results were obtained when using monoclonal antibody # 1, # 2 or # 3 obtained in Example 3.
(7) -4 CAPRIN-1 EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MALIGNAL CEREBRAL TUMOR Immunohistochemistry staining was performed according to a method similar to that used in item (7) -3 above with 24 7 tissue specimens of malignant brain tumors in a tissue arrangement in a tissue array of paraffin-embedded human malignant brain tumors (BIOMAX), using the polyclonal antibody against the peptide derived from
CAPRIN-1 (SEQ 10 NO: 37) prepared in item (5) above. As a result, the strong expression of CAPRIN-1 was observed in a total of 227 of the 247 specimens of human malignant brain tumor tissue (92%). In addition, similar results were obtained when using monoclonal antibody 5 # 1, # 2 or # 3 obtained in Example 3.
(7) -5 EXPRESSION OF CAPRIN-1 IN LYMPH NODE WITH CANCER METASTASIS
HUMAN BREAST Staining of immunohistochemistry was performed according to a method similar to that described in item (7) -3 above, with 150 specimens of lymph node tissues with breast cancer metastases embedded in an embedded tissue array (micro array) in paraffin tissue from lymph nodes with human breast cancer metastases (BIOMAX), using the polyclonal antibody against the CAPRIN-1 derived peptide (SEQ 10 NO: 37) prepared in item (5) above. As a result, strong CAPRIN-1 expression was observed in 136 of a total of 150 lymph node tissue specimens with breast cancer metastasis (90%). Specifically, it was revealed that CAPRIN-1 was also strongly expressed in cancer tissues that had breast cancer metastases. In addition, similar results were obtained when using monoclonal antibody # 1, # 2 or # 3 obtained in Example 3.
(7) -6 EXPRESSION OF CAPRIN-1 IN VARIOUS HUMAN CANCER TISSUES The immunohistochemistry staining: i was performed according to a method similar to the previous one, with specimens in different matrix tissue arrangements embedded in paraffin from human cancer tissue ( BIOMAX), using the polyclonal antibody against the peptide derived from CAPRIN-1 (SEQ 10 NO: 37) prepared in item (5) above. As a result, a strong expression of CAPRIN-1 was observed in esophageal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer and cervical cancer. In addition, similar results were obtained when using monoclonal antibody # 1, # 2 or # 3 obtained in Example 3. EXAMPLE 02 PREPARATION OF HUMAN CAPRIN-1 5 (1) PREPARATION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEIN Based on the SEQ ID NO gene: 1 obtained in Example 1, a recombinant human CAPRIN-1 protein was prepared by the following method. A PGR was performed in a total volume of 50 µL, with 1 µL of cDNA, two primers (SEQ 1D NOs: 38 and 39, comprising the sequences for cleavage by the restriction enzymes Saci and Xhol) of 0.4 µM each, 0 , 2 mM dNTP, and 1.25U PrimeStar HS polymerase (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.), prepared by adding reagents and a follow-up buffer. The expression was confirmed by an RT-PCR method for the cDNA used among the various cDNAs derived from human tissues or cells prepared in Example 1.
PGR was performed by repeating 98 ° C thermocycles for 10 seconds and 68 ° C for 2.5 minutes for 30 cycles, using a Thermal Cycler thermocycler (BIO RAD). The two primers above are capable of amplifying a coding region for the entire amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
After PGR, the amplified DNA was subjected to 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, then a DNA fragment of about 2.1 kbp was purified using a "Q / Aquick Gel Extration Kif '(QIAGEN) kit.
The DNA fragment thus purified was ligated into a PCR-Blunt cloning vector (lnvitrogen). After the transformation of Escherichia coli, with it, the plasmid was collected. It was verified by the sequence of the fragment that the gene thus amplified has the sequence of interest. The plasmid that has a sequence corresponding to the sequence of interest was treated with the restriction enzymes Saci and Xhol and then purified with a QIAquick gel extraction kit. The sequence of the gene of interest was introduced into an expression vector of Escherichia coli pET30a (Novagen), and treated with the restriction enzymes Saci and Xhol. The recombinant protein fused to the His-tag marker could be produced using the vector. The plasmid was transformed into E. coli for recombinant expression, 5 BL21 (DE3), and then the expression was induced with 1 mM IPTG, so that the protein of interest was expressed in Escherichia coli. (2) PURIFICATION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEIN The recombinant Escherichia coli obtained above that expresses the SEQ 10 NO: 1 gene was cultured in LB medium containing 30 µg / ml kanamycin at 37 ºC until the absorbance at 600 nm reached about 0.7 , isopropyl-13-D-thiogalactopyranoside was added to a final concentration of 1 mM, then the cells were cultured at 37 ° C for 4 hours.
Subsequently, centrifugation was performed at 4800 rpm for 10 minutes, then the cells were collected. The resulting cell precipitate was suspended in phosphate buffered saline and centrifuged at 4800 rpm for 10 minutes, then the cells were washed.
The cells were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline and then disrupted using ultrasound on ice. The resulting lysate from the ultrasonic Escherichia coli was subjected to centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 20 minutes, and then the resulting supernatant was considered as a soluble fraction and the precipitate was considered as an insoluble fraction. The soluble fraction was added to a nickel chelate column adjusted according to a conventional method (carrier: "Chelating Sepharose® Fast Flovv" resin (GE Healthcare), column capacity of 5 ml, and a balance buffer: 50 mM of hydrochloride buffer (pH 8.0)). The non-adsorbed fractions were washed with 50 mM hydrochloride buffer (pH
8.0) in an amount of 10 times the capacity of the column and 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) containing 20 mM imidazole. Immediately after washing, 6 beds were eluted with 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) containing 100 mM imidazole. The elution of the protein of interest was confirmed by staining with Coomassie staining in the elution fraction with 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) containing 100 mM imidazole, and then the elution fraction was added to a strong anion exchange column (carrier: Q Sepharose® Fast Flow '' resin (GE Healthcare), column capacity of 5 ml, and 20 mM of phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) as equilibration buffer). adsorbed was washed with 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) in an amount of 10 times the column capacity and 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 200 mM sodium chloride. Immediately after washing, 5 beds were eluted with 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 400 mM sodium chloride, thus the purified fraction of the protein having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ 10 NO: 2 was obtained.
200 µL of each purified sample obtained by the method described above was distributed in 1 ml of reaction buffer (20 mM Tris-Hcl, 50 mM NaCI, 2 mM CaCh, pH 7.4), followed by the addition of 2 µL enterokinase (Novagen). After that, the resultant was left to stand overnight at room temperature so that the His-tag was cleaved, and then purification was performed using an enterokinase cleavage capture kit "Enterokinase Cleavage Capture Kif '(Novagen), according to the manufacturer's protocols, then 1.2 ml of purified sample obtained by the method described above were subjected to the replacement of the buffer with physiological phosphate buffer (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), using NANOSEP 1OK OMEGA (PALL ultrafiltration) In addition, sterile filtration was performed using an HT Tuffryn Acrodisc 0.22 µm (PALL), then the resultant was used in the next experiment.
EXEMPL03
PREPARATION OF THE MOUNTAIN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST CAPRIN-1
100 µg of the antigen protein (human CAPRIN-1)
comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 2 prepared in
5 Example 2 was mixed with an equivalent amount of MPL + TOM adjuvant (Sigma), and then this was used as an antigen solution for a mouse.
The antigen solution was administered intraperitoneally to 6-week-old Balb / cc mice (Japan
SLC lnc.), Then the administration was performed 7 times each week, and thus the immunization was completed.
Each spleen was excised 3 after the final immunization, and placed between two sterilized glass slides, and then the spleens were ground.
The resulting product was washed with PBS (-)
(Nissui) and then centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes to remove the supernatant.
This procedure was repeated 3 times, so that the splenocytes were obtained.
The splenocytes thus obtained and the mouse myeloma cells SP2 / 0 (acquired from ATCC) were mixed in a 10: 1 ratio. The PEG solution prepared by mixing 200 µL of RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% SBF heated to 37 ° C and 800 µL of PEG1500 (Boehringer) was added to the mixture, left to stand for 5 minutes for cell fusion, and then subjected centrifugation at 1700 rpm for 5 minutes.
After removing the supernatant, the cells were suspended in 150 ml of RPMI 1640 medium containing 15% SBF,
supplemented with a HAT (Gibco) solution (2% equivalent) (medium
Selective HAT), then the cell suspension was plated on fifteen 96-well plates (Nunc) at 100 µL per well.
The cells were cultured for 7 days at 37 ºC under conditions of 5% CO 2, so that hybridomas prepared by fusing splenocytes and myeloma cells were obtained.
Hybridomas were selected using an antibody binding affinity marker produced by hybridomas prepared for human CAPRIN-1.
The CAPRIN-1 protein solution (1 µg / ml) prepared in the
Example 2 was added to a 96-well plate with 100 µL per well and then left to stand at 4 ° C for 18 hours.
Each well was washed 3
5 times with PBS-T, 400 µL of a 0.5% solution of Bovine Serum Albumin
(BSA) (Sigma) were added to each well, then the plate was left to stand at room temperature for 3 hours.
The solution was removed and then the wells were washed three times with 400 µL of
PBS-T per well.
The hybridoma culture supernatant obtained above was added to a volume of 100 µL per well and then the plates were left to stand at room temperature for 2 hours.
After washing each well three times with PBS-T, an anti-IgG (H + L) mouse antibody labeled with HRP (lnvitrogen) diluted 5000 times with PBS was added to 100 µL per well and the resultant was left in stand at room temperature for 1 hour.
After washing the well three times with PBS-T, 100 µL of a TMB substrate solution (Thermo) was added to each well and then the plate was left to stand for 15 to 30 minutes for the staining reaction.
After color development, 100 µL of 1N sulfuric acid was added to each well to stop the reaction, then absorbances at 450 nm and 595 nm were measured using an absorption spectrometer.
As a result, hybridomas that produce antibodies with high absorbance values were selected.
The hybridomas so selected were added to a 96-well plate at 0.5 cells per well and then cultured.
After 1 week,
hybridomas were observed that formed isolated colonies in the wells.
These cells in the culture wells were cultured longer, then the hybridomas were selected using as a marker the binding affinity of the antibodies produced by the cloned hybridomas to human CAPRIN-1. The CAPRIN-1 protein solution (1 µg / ml) prepared in Example 3 was added to a 96-well plate with 100 µL per well, and then left to stand at 4 ° C for 18 hours. Each well was washed three times with PBS-T, 400 µL of a 0.5% BSA solution was added to each well, then the plate was left to stand at room temperature for 3 hours. The solution was removed and then the wells were washed three times with 400 µL of PBS-T per well. 100 µl of each hybridoma culture supernatant obtained above was added per well, and then the plate was left to stand at room temperature for 2 hours. After washing each well three times with PBS-T, 100 µL of an anti-mouse IgG (H + L) antibody labeled with HRP (lnvitrogen) diluted 5,000 times with PBS was added per well and then rested for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing the well three times with PBS-T, 100 µL of a TMB substrate solution (Thermo) was added to each well and then the plate was left to stand for 15 to 30 minutes for the staining reaction. After color development, 100 µL of 1N sulfuric acid was added to each well to stop the reaction, then absorbances at 450 nm and 595 nm were measured using an absorption spectrometer. As a result, 50 hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies immunoreactive with human CAPRIN-1 were obtained.
Then, from these monoclonal antibodies, antibodies reactive with the cell surfaces of breast cancer cells that express human CAPRIN-1 were selected. Specifically, 106 cells of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231V were centrifuged in a 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube, and 100 µL of the culture supernatant from each of the above hybridomas was added to the tube, then, the tube was left to stand on ice for 1 hour. After washing with PBS, a goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) labeled with FITC (lnvitrogen) diluted 500 times with PBS containing O, 1% SBF was added, and then left to stand on ice for 1 hour. After washing with PBS, the fluorescence intensity was measured 5 using a FACScalibur (Becton, Dickinson & Company). Meanwhile, procedures similar to those mentioned above were performed using the serum of a 6-week-old Balb / c mouse that was not treated with the antibodies and that was diluted 500 times with hybridoma culture medium, so that a control sample was gotten. As a result, three monoclonal antibodies (monoclonal antibodies # 1, # 2 and # 3) were selected that exhibited stronger fluorescence intensity than that of the control, and that reacted with the cell surfaces of breast cancer cells. EXAMPLE 04
CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED ANTIBODIES (1) CLONING OF GENES OF THE VARIABLE REGIONS OF THE HUMAN ANTL-CAPRIN-1 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY The mRNA was extracted from each hybridoma cell line that produces any of the three monoclonal antibodies selected in Example 3. One RT-PCR method using primers specific for the mouse FR1 derived sequence and mouse FR4 derived sequence was performed for them, and the genes of the heavy chain variable regions (VH) and light chain variable regions (VL) of all anti-CAPRIN-1 monoclonal antibodies were obtained. For sequence determination, these genes were cloned into a pCR2.1 vector (lnvitrogen). (2) RT-PCR mRNA was prepared from 106 cells of each hybridoma cell line using a mRNA micro purification kif 'mRNA purification kit (GE HealthCare). The mRNA thus obtained was reversed transcribed and then cONA was synthesized using a cONA tape synthesis kit "SuperScriptll 1st strand Synthesis Kif '(lnvitrogen). These 5 procedures were performed according to protocols attached to each kit.
The amplification of the antibody gene was performed by a PCR method using the obtained cONA.
To obtain the VH region gene, a primer (SEQ 10 No: 54) specific for the FR1 sequence of the mouse heavy chain and a primer (SEQ 10 No: 55) specific for the FR4 sequence of the mouse heavy chain were used. In addition, to obtain the VL region gene, a primer (SEQ 10 No: 56) specific for the mouse light chain FR1 sequence and a primer (SEQ 10 No: 57) specific for the FR4 light chain sequence mouse were used. These primers were designed with the reference of Jones S.T. and Bending M.M. Bio / techno / ogy 9, 88-89 (1991). Ex-Taq (Takara Bio lnc.) Was used for PCR. A sample of cONA was added to 5 µL of 10 x Ex-Taq buffer, 4 µL of dNTP mixture (2.5 mM), primers (1.0 µM) (2 µL each), and 0.25 µL of Ex-Taq (5 U / µL), then the total amount of the PCR mixture was adjusted with sterile water to 50 µL. PCR was performed under the following conditions: 2 minutes of treatment at 94 ºC, followed by 30 cycles of 1 minute denaturation at 94 ºC, 30 seconds of annealing at 58 ºC, and 1 minute of extension reaction at 72 ºC. (3) CLONING The PCR products thus obtained were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and the ONA bands of the VH and VL regions were excised. The ONA fragments were purified using a 'Q / Aquick Gel purification kif' (QIAGEN) purification kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. The purified ONA was cloned into the pCR2.1 vector using the TA cloning kit (lnvitrogen). The ligated vector was transformed into competent OH5a cells (TOYOBO), according to a conventional method 5. 1 The clones of each transformant were cultured overnight in 100 µg / ml ampicillin medium) at 37 ºC, then the plasmidial ONA was purified using a 'Qiaspin Miniprep kif' (QIAGEN) purification kit.
(4) SEQUENCE DETERMINATION The gene sequences of the VH and VL region in each 1st plasmid obtained above were analyzed with an M 13 forward (SEQ 10 NO: 58) and a M13 reverse (SEQ) primer 10 NO: 59) in a fluorescence sequencer (ONA Sequencer 3130XL; ABI), using a 'Big Dye Terminator Cyc / e Sequencing Kif' Ver3.1 (ABI) sequencing kit according to the manufacturer's protocols. As a result, each gene sequence was determined, the sequences were identical among the 10 clones.
The sequences of genes encoding the variable regions of the monoclonal antibody heavy chain obtained are presented by SEQ 10 NOS: 52 and 68 and the amino acid sequences of the same are presented by SEQ 10 NOS: 43 and 63, and, the sequences of coding genes of the variable light chain regions are shown by SEQ 10 NOS: 70, 53 and 69, and their amino acid sequences are shown by SEQ 10 NOS: 47, 51 and 67. Specifically, it has been revealed that monoclonal antibody # 1 comprises the heavy chain variable region of SEQ 10 NO: 43 and the light chain variable region of SEQ 10 NO: 47; and antibody # 2 comprises the heavy chain variable region of SEQ 10 NO: 43 and the light chain variable region of SEQ 10 NO: 51; and antibody # 3 comprises the heavy chain variable region of SEQ 10 NO: 63 and the light chain variable region of SEQ 10 NO: 67.
EXAMPLE 5 IDENTIFICATION OF THE CAPRIN-1 EPYPE TO BE RECOGNIZED BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ANT1-CAPRIN-1 # 1, # 2 AND # 3 The regions of CAPRIN-1 epitopes identified by monoclonal anti-CAPRIN-1 # 1 antibodies have been identified , # 2, and # 3 (obtained in Example 3) reactive with the surfaces of cancer cells.
93 candidate peptides, each comprising 12 to 16 amino acids in the amino acid sequence of the human CAPRIN-1 protein, were synthesized, and then each peptide was dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 1 mg / ml. Each peptide was dissolved in 0.1 M sodium carbonate buffer (pH 9.6) at a concentration of 30 µg / ml, added to a 96-well plate (Nunc, Product No. 436006) at 100 µL per well, then the plate was left to stand at 4 ° C overnight. The solution was discarded, 10 mM ethanolamine / O, 1 M sodium carbonate buffer (pH 9.6) was added in a volume of 200 µL per well, then the resulting solution was left to stand at room temperature for 1 hour. The solution was then discarded and the plate was washed twice with PBS containing 0.5% Tween-20 (PBST), so that a plate on which each peptide was immobilized was prepared.
The cell culture supernatant containing the mouse monoclonal antibodies (# 1, # 2 is # 3) obtained in Example 3 was added in a volume of 50 µL per well, then the plate was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour . The solution was removed, followed by three washes with PBST. Then, a secondary antibody solution prepared with an HRP-labeled mouse anti-IgG antibody (lnvitrogen) diluted 3000 to 4000 times with PBST was added (50 µl each) to the mouse monoclonal antibodies. The solution was removed, followed by six washes with PBST. The TMB substrate solution (Thermo) was added in a volume of 100 µL per well and then left to stand for 15 to 30 '5 minutes for the staining reaction. After color development, 100 µL of 1N sulfonic acid was added to each well to stop the reaction, then absorbances at 450 nm and 595 nm were measured using an absorption spectrometer. As a result, a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 37 was identified as a partial CAPRIN-1 sequence recognized by both anti-CAPRIN-1 # 1 and # 2 monoclonal antibodies.
Thus, it was revealed that the SEQ 10 NO: 37 polypeptide, a partial sequence of human CAPRIN01, contains the epitope regions for the anti-CAPRIN-1 # 1, # 2 and # 3 monoclonal antibodies.
EXAMPLE 6 EXPRESSION OF CAPRIN-1 ON THE SURFACE OF VARIOUS CANCER CELLS USING ANTL-CAPRIN-1 # 1, # 2 AND # 3 ANTIBODIES Next, 7 breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-157, T470 , MRK-nu-1, MDA-MB-231V, BT20, SK-BR-3, and DA-MB-231T) in which CAPRIN-1 gene expression was observed, and the other three cancer cell lines remaining breast (MDA-MB-231c, MCF-7 and ZR75-1), 5 glioma cell lines (T98G, SNB19, U251, U87MG, and U373), 4 kidney cancer cell lines (Caki-1, Caki -2, A498 and ACHN), 2 gastric cancer cell lines (MKN28 and MKN45), 5 colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29, LoVo, Caco2, SW480 and HCT116), 3 lung cancer cell lines (A549 , QG56 and PC8), 4 leukemia cell lines (AML5, Namalwa, BDCM, RPI 1788), 1 cervical cancer cell line (SW756), 1 bladder cancer cell line (T24), 1 line esophageal cancer cells (KYSE180) and 1 cell line from lymphoma (Ramos) were examined for the expression of CAPRIN-1 protein on the cell surfaces of each strain of
5 cells using the culture supernatants containing the # 1, # 2 and # 3 obtained in Example 3. 10 6 cells from each cell line were centrifuged in a 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube.
Each cell culture supernatant (100 µL) containing # 1, # 2 or # 3 was added and then incubated on ice for 1 hour.
After washing with PBS, a goat anti-IgG mouse antibody (H + L)
labeled with FITC (SouthernBiotech) diluted 500 times with PBS containing 0. 1% SBF was added, then the resulting solution was left to stand on ice for 1 hour.
After washing with PBS, fluorescence intensity was measured using a FACS Calibur
(Becton, Dickinson & Company). Meanwhile, a sample subjected to a reaction with only a secondary antibody was used as a negative control.
As a result, cells to which antibodies # 1, # 2 and # 3 were added exhibited a stronger fluorescence intensity by 20% or more compared to the negative control.
With these results it was revealed that the CAPRIN-1 protein was expressed on the cell membrane surfaces of the human cancer cell lines above.
The percentage increase in fluorescence intensity above was expressed as a percentage of the increase in mean fluorescence intensity (MFI level) in each cell type and was calculated using the following formula.
Percentage increase in mean fluorescence intensity (percentage increase in fluorescence intensity)
(%) = ((MFI level in cells that reacted with human anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody) - (MFI level of the control)) / (MFI level of the control) x 100.
EXAMPLE 07 ANTITUMORAL EFFECTS (ADCC ACTIVITY AND CDC ACTIVITY) OF ANT1-CAPRIN-1 ANTIBODIES ON CANCER CELLS.
5 It was evaluated whether anti-CAPRIN-1 antibodies may or may not damage cancer cells that express CAPRIN-1 primarily by measuring ADCC activity. The evaluation was performed using a polyclonal antibody against the human CAPRIN-1 derived peptide (SEQ ID NO: 37) prepared in Example 1. 106 cells of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-157, in which the expression of CAPRIN-1 was confirmed, collected in a 50 ml centrifuge tube, 100 µCi of chromium-51 was added, and then incubation at 37 ºC was performed for 2 hours. Then, the resultant was washed three times with RPMl1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were added to a 96-well V-bottom plate at a density of 103 cells per well. 1 µg of the polyclonal antibody against the human CAPRIN-1 derived peptide mentioned above was added to the wells, and then lymphocytes (2 x 105 each) separated from peripheral rabbit blood were added and cultured for 4 hours at 37 ºC under the 5% C02 conditions. After culture, the amount of chromium (Cr) -51 released from the damaged cancer cells in the culture supernatant was measured, so that the ADCC activity of the polyclonal antibodies against the human CAPRIN-1 derived peptide against the cells was calculated. cancerous. As a result, an ADCC activity of 18.1% was observed against the MDA-MB-157 strain (see Fig. 2.). On the other hand, when similar procedures were performed using a control antibody (Example 1 (5)) prepared from peripheral blood of a rabbit not immunized with the antigen, and when the antibody was not added, almost no activity was observed (see Fig. 2). Thus, it has been revealed that the anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody can damage cancer cells that express CAPRIN-1 through ADCC activity. In the present case, cytotoxic activity was determined to be cytotoxic activity against a cancer cell line.
s Specifically, as described above, the result was obtained by mixing an anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody to be used in the present invention, a rabbit lymphocyte, and 103 cells from each cancer cell line that had incorporated chromium-51 , culturing the cells for 4 hours, measuring the amount of chromium-51 released into the culture medium, and then cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell line was calculated using the following formula *.
* Formula: cytotoxic activity (%) = (the amount of chromium-51 released from cancer cells after the addition of an anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody and rabbit lymphocytes) / (amount of chromium-51 released from target cells to which 1N hydrochloric acid was added) x 100.
Then, mouse monoclonal antibodies anti-CAPRIN-1 # 1, # 2, and # 3 (obtained in Example 3), were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Each culture supernatant of antibody-producing cells # 1, # 2 or # 3 was purified using a "Hitrap ProteinA Sepharose FP 'column (GE Healthcare), subjected to buffer replacement with PBS (-), and then filtered with a 0.22 µm filter (Millipore). The results were used as antibodies to measure activity 106 cells from the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-157 were collected in a 50 ml centrifuge tube, 100 µCi of chromium-51 was added, and then incubation was performed at 37 ° C for 2 hours. Subsequently, the resulting product was washed three times with RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% SBF. The cells were added to a 96 V-bottom wells at a density of 103 cells per well for use as target cells.
The above purified antibodies (1 µg each) were added to the cells. 5x104 mouse spleen cells isolated from the spleen of a 6-week-old BALB / C mouse (Japan SLC lnc.) According to a conventional method, were
5 additionally added and then grown for 4 hours at 37 ° C under the conditions of 5% CO 2. After culture, the amount of chromium-51 released from damaged tumor cells in a culture supernatant was measured, and the cytotoxic activity of each anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody against cancer cells was calculated.
As negative control samples, a sample prepared by adding PBS instead of antibodies and a sample prepared by adding an isotypic control antibody instead of antibodies was used.
As a result, antibodies # 1, # 2 and # 3 exhibited more than
25% cytotoxic activity against the MDA-MB-157 strain. In contrast, the activity of the negative control sample prepared by adding PBS and the activity in the negative control sample prepared by adding isotypic control antibody were 1.7% and 3.0%, respectively.
Likewise, antibodies # 1, # 2 and # 3 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against other cancer cells, including glioma cell lines U373 and T98G, lung cancer cell lines A549 and QG56, cell lines renal cancer Caki-1 and ACHN, cervical cancer cell line SW756, bladder cancer cell line T24, esophageal cancer cell line KYSE180, gastric cancer cell line MKN28 and MKN45, cell line colorectal cancer SW480, AML5 leukemia cell line, and a Ramos lymphoma cell line.
As a result, antibody # 1 exhibited 13.2% activity against T98G (6.4% in the case of isotypic control), 16.0% against U373 (4.3% in the case of isotypic control), 12.0% against A549 (4 , 5% in the case of isotypic control), 12.6% against QG56 (5.3% in the case of isotypic control), 10.3%
against Caki-1 (4.5% in the case of isotypic control), 9.0% against ACHN (3.8% in the case of isotypic control), 8.6% against SW756 (5.1% in the case of isotypic control) ), 13.0% against T24 (3.8% in the case of isotypic control), 8.9% against KYSE180 (5.7% in the case of isotypic control), 16.2% against MKN28 (4.2% in 5 in the case of isotypic control), 12.1% against MKN45 (4.6% in the case of isotypic control), 13.4% against SW480 (6.4% in the case of isotypic control), 8.9% against AML5 ( 4.7% in the case of isotypic control), and 8.1% against Ramos (2.5% in the case of isotypic control). In addition, antibodies # 2 and # 3 showed similar results. It was demonstrated by the results above that the anti-CAPRIN-1 # 1, # 2 and # 3 antibodies obtained cause damage to cancer cells that express CAPRIN-1 through ADCC activity. It was demonstrated by the results above that the monoclonal mouse antibodies anti-CAPRIN-1 # 1, # 2 and # 3 thus obtained cause damage to cancer cells that express CAPRIN-1 through ADCC activity.
In the present case, cytotoxic activity was determined to be cytotoxic activity against a cancer cell line. Specifically, as described above, the result was obtained by mixing an anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody to be used in the present invention, a mouse splenocyte, and 103 cells from each cancer cell line that had incorporated chromium-51, culturing the cells for 4 hours, measuring the amount of chromium-51 released into the culture medium, and then cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell line was calculated using the following formula *. * Formula: cytotoxic activity (%) = (the amount of chromium-51 released from cancer cells after the addition of an anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody and mouse splenocytes) / (amount of chromium-51 released from target cells to which 1N hydrochloric acid has been added) x
100.
Then, monoclonal antibodies # 1, # 2 and # 3 anti-CAPRIN-1 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity activities (CDC activity) against cancer cells. Blood collected from a rabbit was added to an Eppendorf tube and left to stand at room temperature for 60 minutes, then subjected to 5 minutes of centrifugation at 3000 rpm. In this way, the serum for measuring the coe activity was prepared. 105 cells of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231V were collected in a 50 ml centrifuge tube, 100 µCi of chromium-51 was added, and then incubated at 37 ºC for 2 hours. The resulting product was washed three times with RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% SBF. Subsequently, the cells were suspended in RPMI medium containing the rabbit serum prepared above (50%), and then the cells were added to a 96-well plate with V bottom at a density of 103 cells per well. 1 µg of each of the # 1 and # 2 mouse monoclonal antibodies was added to the cells, then the cells were cultured for 4 hours at 37 ° C under 5% C02 conditions. After culture, the amount of chromium-51 released from damaged tumor cells in a culture supernatant was measured, and the CDC activity of each antibody against MDA-MB-213V cells was calculated. As a result, both antibodies # 1 and # 2 exhibited more than 20% CDC activity. In addition, no cytotoxic activity was observed in the negative control group to which no antibody was added.
Thus, it has been revealed that antibodies # 1 and # 2 can damage tumor cells that express CAPRIN-1 also by CDC activity.
In the present case, cytotoxic activity was determined to be cytotoxic activity against a cancer cell line. Specifically, as described above, the result was obtained by mixing an anti-CAPR1N-1 antibody to be used in the present invention, a serum,
and 103 cells from each cancer cell line that had incorporated chromium-51, culturing the cells for 4 hours, measuring the amount of chromium-51 released into the culture medium, and then cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell line using the following formula *.
5 * Formula: cytotoxic activity (%) = (the amount of chromium-51 released from cancer cells after adding an anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody and serum) / (amount of chromium-51 released from cells target to which 1N hydrochloric acid was added) x 100.
Then, the anti-CAPRIN-1 # 1 and # 2 mouse monoclonal antibodies obtained were evaluated for their anti-tumor effects in vivo in tumor-grafted mice. The antibodies used in the present were prepared by column purification of the culture supernatant from each cell producing # 1 or # 2, in the same manner as described above.
The anti-tumor effects of antibodies # 1 and # 2 were examined using tumor-bearing mice in which a mouse-derived cancer cell line expressing CAPRIN-1 was transplanted.
4T1 cells (acquired from ATCC) were transplanted subcutaneously in the dorsal region of 30 Balb / c mice (SLC Japan lnc.) At a density of 5x10 5 cells per mouse. The tumors were allowed to grow to a size of about 5 mm in diameter. Each of antibodies # 1 and # 2 were administered intraperitoneally to 20 of the 30 tumor-bearing mice, in an amount of 200 µg (200 µL) / mouse (and each antibody was administered to 10 mice).
Subsequently, the same amount of antibody was administered intraperitoneally to each tumor-bearing mouse a total of 3 times within 2 days. Tumor sizes were measured every day and the anti-tumor effects were examined by observation. Meanwhile, as a control group, PBS (-) was administered instead of antibodies to the remaining 10 tumor-bearing mice. The tumor size was calculated as a volume using the formula: major axis length x minor axis length x minor axis length x 0.5.
5 As a result of observing the antitumor effects, it was observed that the tumors almost completely regressed by day 16 after administration of the antibodies in the examination group to which the mouse monoclonal antibodies anti-CAPRIN-1 # 1 and # 2 were administered . On the other hand, in the control group to which PBS (-) was administered, the tumors had an increase of about 820% on day 12. It was demonstrated by the results that mouse monoclonal antibodies anti-human CAPRIN-1 # 1 and # 2 obtained exhibit strong anti-tumor effects in vivo against cancer cells that express CAPRIN-1.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The antibodies of the present invention are useful for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer.
All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in the present are fully incorporated into the present by reference. Free Text Sequence Listing SEQ ID NO: 31: T3 primer SEQ ID NO: 32: T7 primer SEQ ID NOS: 33, 34, 38, 39, and 54-59: SEQ ID NOS primers: 35 and 36: do primers GAPDH

权利要求:
Claims (20)
[1]
1. PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, characterized by the fact that it comprises an antibody or a fragment thereof as an active ingredient that has immunological reactivity with a partial CAPRIN-1 polypeptide, in which CAPRIN- 1 is represented by any of the even numbering sequences of SEQ 10 NOS: 2 to 30, and wherein the partial polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ 10 NO: 37 or an amino acid sequence having 80% or more identity of sequence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ 10 NO: 37.
[2]
2. COMPOSITION, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the cancer is breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia, lymphoma, lung cancer, mast cell tumor, kidney cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, cancer of esophagus, gastric cancer or colorectal cancer.
[3]
3. COMPOSITION according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the antibody is a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody.
[4]
COMPOSITION according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the antibody is a human antibody, humanized antibody, chimeric antibody, single chain antibody or bispecific antibody.
[5]
5. ANTIBODY, characterized by the fact that it has immunological reactivity with a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ 10 NO: 37 or an amino acid sequence having 80% or more sequence identity with the SEQ 10 amino acid sequence NO: 37.
[6]
6. ANTIBODY according to claim 5,
characterized by the fact that it has a cytotoxic activity against a cancer cell expressing a CAPRIN-1 protein.
[7]
7. ANTIBODY, characterized by the fact that it comprises a variable region of heavy chain comprising SEQ 10 NOs: 40, 41 and 5 42; and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ 10 NOs: 44, 45, and 46, and has immunological reactivity with a CAPRIN-1 protein.
[8]
8. ANTIBODY, characterized by the fact that it comprises a variable region of heavy chain comprising SEQ 10 NOs: 40, 41, and 42; and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ 10 NOs: 48, 49, and 50, and has immunological reactivity with a CAPRIN-1 protein.
[9]
9. ANTIBODY, characterized by the fact that it comprises a variable region of heavy chain comprising SEQ 10 NOs: 60, 61 and 62; and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ 10 NOs: 64, 65, and 66, and has immunological reactivity with a CAPRIN-1 protein.
[10]
ANTIBODY according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that it is a human antibody, humanized antibody, chimeric antibody, single chain antibody or bispecific antibody.
[11]
11. PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, characterized by the fact that it comprises the antibody or a fragment thereof, as defined in one of claims 5 to 10, as an active ingredient.
[12]
12. PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION, according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that the cancer is breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia, lymphoma, lung cancer, mast cell tumor, kidney cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, cancer esophagus, gastric cancer or colorectal cancer.
[13]
13. PHARMACEUTICAL COMBINATION for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer, characterized by the fact that it comprises the pharmaceutical composition as defined in one of claims 1 to 4, or the pharmaceutical composition as defined in claim 11 or 12, and a pharmaceutical composition containing an antitumor agent.
[14]
14. METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT AND / OR PREVENTION OF A CANCER, characterized by the fact that it comprises administering to a subject the antibody or a fragment thereof as defined in one of claims 5 to 10, or the pharmaceutical composition as defined in the claim 11 or 12.
[15]
15. METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT AND / OR PREVENTION OF A CANCER, characterized by the fact that it comprises using pharmaceutical compositions of the pharmaceutical combination as defined in claim 13, in combination on a subject.
[16]
16. USE OF A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION, as defined in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that it is for the manufacture of a drug for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer.
[17]
17. USE OF AN ANTIBODY, or a fragment thereof, as defined in one of claims 5 to 10, characterized by the fact that it is for the manufacture of a drug for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer.
[18]
18. USE OF A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION, as defined in claim 11 or 12, characterized by the fact that it is for the manufacture of a drug for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer.
[19]
19. USE OF A PHARMACEUTICAL COMBINATION, as defined in claim 13, characterized by the fact that it is for the manufacture of a medicine for the treatment and / or prevention of cancer.
[20]
20. USE, according to one of claims 16 to 19,
characterized by the fact that cancer is breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia, lymphoma, lung cancer, mastocytoma, kidney cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer or colorectal cancer.
Fig. 1 Normal Dog Tissues Blood Muscle Lung Thymus Pancreas Kidney Liver Eye Heart Peripheral Testis 1 2 Dog Breast Cancer Tissues Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines 1 AB and DEF 1 AB and DEFGH - "'-. li.
2 2 Human Cancer Cell Lines Brain Tumor Leukemia 1 Esophageal Cancer Cancer of A B C D A B C Lung A B 1 2 r -... lD
LO, ... 1 m ~ 1 <(and ~ o, .... o
N

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法律状态:
2020-09-15| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2020-10-27| B07D| Technical examination (opinion) related to article 229 of industrial property law [chapter 7.4 patent gazette]|Free format text: DE ACORDO COM O ARTIGO 229-C DA LEI NO 10196/2001, QUE MODIFICOU A LEI NO 9279/96, A CONCESSAO DA PATENTE ESTA CONDICIONADA A ANUENCIA PREVIA DA ANVISA. CONSIDERANDO A APROVACAO DOS TERMOS DO PARECER NO 337/PGF/EA/2010, BEM COMO A PORTARIA INTERMINISTERIAL NO 1065 DE 24/05/2012, ENCAMINHA-SE O PRESENTE PEDIDO PARA AS PROVIDENCIAS CABIVEIS. |

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2021-04-13| B07E| Notification of approval relating to section 229 industrial property law [chapter 7.5 patent gazette]|

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2021-05-04| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2021-11-23| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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JP2010-023454|2010-02-04|

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JP2010023454|2010-02-04|

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JP2010-183162|2010-08-18|

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JP2010183162|2010-08-18|

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PCT/JP2011/052413|WO2011096534A1|2010-02-04|2011-02-04|Pharmaceutical composition for treatment and/or prevention of cancer|

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